Indicators:

Data Set:

Years:

to

Notes / Source / Definition:

Demographic: Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial (Race)

Population

No data was found for Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial (Race) in the category Population

Alcohol Use

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Any Use of Alcohol in the Past 30 Days, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 1,514.0 20.5% 1,435.0 16.7% 1,597.0 16.6%
Metro 863.0 19.7% 774.0 15.5% 849.0 15.2%
Non-Metro 651.0 21.5% 661.0 18.4% 748.0 18.5%

About the Indicator:

Alcohol is the most frequently used substance nationally and statewide, and is associated with a number of adverse health and social consequences. Reported use of alcohol in the past 30 days is a common measure of recent alcohol use. In Minnesota, it is illegal for a person under age 21 to consume alcohol.

According to the 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, any past 30 day alcohol use was reported by 24.4% of 9th graders and 39.2% of 11th graders nationally.

According to 2013 MSS data, compared to 8th, 9th, and 11th graders who reported past-30 day alcohol use, those who DIDN'T report alcohol use were 2.6 times less likely to report past-year suicidal ideation; 1.8 times less likely to report problems with feeling depressed in the past year; 1.6 times less likely to report feeling anxious in the past year; 2.5 times less likely to report self harm in the past year; 1.4 times less likely to report past-month bullying victimization; 2 times less likely to report not feeling safe in their neighborhoods; 1.9 times less likely to report not being able to talk to their parents about problems; and 2.3 times less likely to report their parents only care about them some, a little, or not at all.

On the other hand, compared to those students who DID report past 30-day alcohol use, those who DIDN'T report use were 1.7 times more likely to report better teacher-student relationships; 1.4 times more likely to report greater educational engagement; 1.6 times more likely to report that the adults in their communities care about them quite a bit or very much; and 1.2 times more likely to report weekly participation in community activities.

Further, those students who reported using alcohol monthly or more often were 1.8 times more likely to think that most students in their school also drank monthly or more often, as compared to those who didn't drink. The association was even stronger in the other direction: students who think most of their peers use monthly or more often were 6.7 times more likely themselves to report using alcohol that often.


"N/A" indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. "*" indicates the data are unreliable as a result of small sample sizes or other reasons.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting That They First Had More than a Few Sips of Alcohol at Age 13 or Younger, 2013 - 2016: by Location

2013 2016
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 1,343.0 29.3% 1,148.0 22.7%
Metro 719.0 26.3% 570.0 19.1%
Non-Metro 624.0 33.7% 578.0 27.7%

About the Indicator:

The average age at which young people ages 12 to 17 begin to drink is 13 years old. 

According to the national 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 20.3% of 9th graders and 15.2% of 11th graders reported they first drank alcohol before age 13 years. Nationally, 14.5% of white students, 18.0% of black students, and 21.3% of Hispanic students reported their first drink of alcohol at younger than age 13.

N/A or * indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Having 5 or More Drinks in a Row on at Least One Occasion in the Past 30 Days, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 756.0 10.2% 653.0 7.6% 625.0 6.5%
Metro 421.0 9.7% 336.0 6.7% 305.0 5.5%
Non-Metro 335.0 11.1% 317.0 8.8% 320.0 8.0%

About the Indicator:

Acute, short-term “binge drinking” is defined as having five or more drinks of alcohol on a single occasion. Up until 2010, the MSS asked students about past two week binge drinking; in 2013 they were asked about past 30 day binge drinking. Binge drinking has been associated with alcohol related injuries and deaths, as well as violence and crime. In Minnesota, it is illegal for a person under age 21 to consume alcohol. 

According to the 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 13.5% of 9th graders and 24.6% of 11th graders reported binge drinking in the past month nationally.

N/A or * indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting They Drank Alcohol or Used Drugs Before They Last Had Sexual Intercourse, 2013: by Location

2013
Number Percent
Minnesota 282.0 19.0%
Metro 156.0 18.5%
Non-Metro 126.0 19.5%

About the Indicator:

Only includes students who reported ever having had sexual intercourse

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Alcohol Consequences

No data was found for Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial (Race) in the category Alcohol Consequences

Alcohol Treatment

No data was found for Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial (Race) in the category Alcohol Treatment

Alcohol Intervening Variables

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting that they Believe People Put themselves at Great or Moderate Risk of Harm by Frequently Binge Drinking, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 6,492.0 71.1% 7,723.0 70.3% 6,620.0 71.4%
Metro 3,920.0 73.4% 4,512.0 72.2% 3,941.0 73.5%
Non-Metro 2,572.0 67.8% 3,211.0 67.8% 2,679.0 68.5%

About the Indicator:

Students were asked specifically how much they thought people risked harming themselves physically or in other ways if they have 5 or more drinks of alcohol once or twice per week. "N/A" indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. "*" indicates the data are unreliable as a result of small sample sizes or other reasons.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Any Alcohol Use in the Past 30 Days, Who Bought the Alcohol from Someone or Somewhere, 2013: by Location

2013
Number Percent
Minnesota 157 10.4%
Metro 92 10.7%
Non-Metro 65 10.0%

About the Indicator:

This indicator reflects students responding that they purchased alcohol from one or more of the following sources: gas stations, convenience stores, bars or restaurants, liquor stores, or on the internet.  These data include only students who reported any alcohol use in the past 30 days.  Students were asked to select all methods of obtaining alcohol that applied.  N/A indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected.

 

Access questions were not asked in 2016.


Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Any Alcohol Use in the Past 30 Days, Who Got the Alcohol from Someone or Somewhere, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2019
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 1,101 72.7% 1,236 77.5%
Metro 638 73.9% 646 76.4%
Non-Metro 463 71.1% 590 78.9%

About the Indicator:

This indicator reflects students responding that they got alcohol from one or more of the following sources: their friends, their parents, other family members, getting someone else to buy it for them, or at parties.  These data include only students who reported any alcohol use in the past 30 days.  Students were asked to select all methods of obtaining alcohol that applied.  N/A indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected.

Access questions were not asked in 2016.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Any Alcohol Use in the Past 30 Days, Who Took the Alcohol from Someone or Somewhere, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2019
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 535 35.3% 505 31.7%
Metro 329 38.1% 284 33.6%
Non-Metro 206 31.6% 221 29.5%

About the Indicator:

This indicator reflects students responding that they took alcohol from one or more of the following sources: their home, a friend’s home, or from stores.  These data include only students who reported any alcohol use in the past 30 days.  Students were asked to select all methods of obtaining alcohol that applied.  N/A indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected.


Access questions were not asked in 2016.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Their Parents Would Think It's Very Wrong or Wrong for Them to Have One or Two Drinks of an Alcohol Beverage Nearly Every Day, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 8,285 90.4% 9,878 89.9% 8,322 89.9%
Metro 4,875 91.0% 5,657 90.5% 4,872 91.1%
Non-Metro 3,410 89.6% 4,221 89.1% 3,450 88.3%

About the Indicator: The Minnesota Student Survey question about parent disapproval changed considerably in 2013. In prior years, students were asked about the extent their parents would approve or disapprove of them drinking alcohol. In 2013, students were asked how wrong their parents would feel it would be for them to have one or two drinks nearly every day. Therefore, 9th grade trend data are available only for 2013 and 2016.

"N/A" indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. "*" indicates the data are unreliable as a result of small sample sizes or other reasons.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting They Strongly Agree or Agree That Parents and Other Adults Should Clearly Communicate with Their Children about the Importance of Not Using Alcohol, 2013: by Location

2013
Number Percent
Minnesota 5,315 78.1%
Metro 3,068 77.9%
Non-Metro 2,247 78.5%

About the Indicator: This question was new to the 2013 Minnesota Student Survey. Other response options included: "neither agree nor disagree", "disagree", and "strongly disagree."

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting They Strongly Agree or Agree That Drinking Alcohol is Never a Good Thing for Anyone Their Age to Do, 2013: by Location

2013
Number Percent
Minnesota 4,790 70.3%
Metro 2,760 69.9%
Non-Metro 2,030 70.9%

About the Indicator: This question was new to the 2013 Minnesota Student Survey. Other response options included: "neither agree nor disagree", "disagree", and "strongly disagree."

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting They Think Most Students in Their School Drink Alcohol Monthly or More Often, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 3,858 56.9% 3,991 48.2% 4,317 47.6%
Metro 2,215 56.5% 2,215 46.3% 2,284 43.5%
Non-Metro 1,643 57.4% 1,776 50.7% 2,033 53.2%

About the Indicator:

When asked how often they think MOST STUDENTS at their school drink alcohol, 53% of Minnesota’s 8th, 9th, and 11th graders responded with monthly or more often. In reality, past month alcohol use was reported by 17% of students. Students who believe that most students do drink alcohol monthly or more often are over 6.5 times more likely to report they drink alcohol monthly or more often themselves, as compared to students who perceive that most students don’t drink monthly or more often.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Tobacco and Nicotine Use

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Smoking a Cigarette on One or More Days within the Past 30 Days, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 839 11.3% 639 7.4% 497 5.2%
Metro 417 9.5% 273 5.5% 202 3.6%
Non-Metro 422 13.9% 366 10.2% 295 7.3%

About the Indicator:

Reported tobacco use within the past 30 days (“30-day use”) is a frequent measure of current use, especially among youth. Youth tobacco use is presented here using 30-day use of cigarettes. In Minnesota, no person under 18 may possess, use, purchase or attempt to purchase tobacco products or tobacco-related devices (Minn. Stat. § 609.685).

According to the 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, any past 30-day cigarette smoking was reported by 10.2% of 9th graders and 21.1% of 11th graders nationally.

According to 2013 MSS data, those students who reported using tobacco monthly or more often were 2 times more likely to think that most students in their school also used tobacco monthly or more often, as compared to those who didn't use. The association was even stronger in the other direction: students who think most of their peers use monthly or more often were 6.4 times more likely themselves to report using tobacco that often.


"N/A" indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. "*" indicates the data are unreliable as a result of small sample sizes or other reasons.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Using an E-Cigarette on One or More Days within the Past 30 Days, 2016 - 2019: by Location

2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 1,194 13.9% 2,247 23.4%
Metro 685 13.7% 1,199 21.5%
Non-Metro 509 14.1% 1,048 26.0%

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Any Tobacco or Nicotine Use on One or More Days within the Past 30 Days, 2016 - 2019: by Location

2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 1,194 13.9% 2,250 23.8%
Metro 685 13.7% 1,194 21.7%
Non-Metro 509 14.1% 1,056 26.6%

About the Indicator: Reported tobacco use within the past 30 days (“30-day use”) is a frequent measure of current use, especially among youth. Youth tobacco use is presented here using 30-day use of any of the following substances: cigarettes; cigars, cigarillos or little cigars; chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip; e-cigarettes; or hookah. In Minnesota, no person under 18 may possess, use, purchase or attempt to purchase tobacco products or tobacco-related devices (Minn. Stat. § 609.685).

"N/A" indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. "*" indicates the data are unreliable as a result of small sample sizes or other reasons.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Tobacco and Nicotine Consequences

No data was found for Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial (Race) in the category Tobacco and Nicotine Consequences

Tobacco and Nicotine Intervening Variables

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting that they Believe People Put themselves at Great or Moderate Risk of Harm by Smoking Cigarettes, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 7,173.0 78.3% 8,450.0 77.0% 7,287.0 78.4%
Metro 4,240.0 79.1% 4,861.0 77.9% 4,268.0 79.4%
Non-Metro 2,933.0 77.1% 3,589.0 75.7% 3,019.0 77.0%

About the Indicator:

Students were asked specifically how much they thought people risked harming themselves physically or in other ways if they smoked cigarettes.  Low perceived risk of harm increases the likelihood of use.

"N/A" indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. "*" indicates the data are unreliable as a result of small sample sizes or other reasons.

 

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Their Parents Would Think It's Very Wrong or Wrong for Them to Smoke Cigarettes, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 8,436 91.7% 10,122 92.0% 8,552 92.3%
Metro 4,987 92.7% 5,798 92.6% 4,998 93.4%
Non-Metro 3,449 90.4% 4,324 91.1% 3,554 90.9%

About the Indicator: The Minnesota Student Survey question about parent disapproval changed considerably in 2013. In prior years, students were asked about the extent their parents would approve or disapprove of them drinking alcohol. In 2013, students were asked how wrong their parents would feel it would be for them to have one or two drinks nearly every day. Therefore, 9th grade trend data are available only for 2013 and 2016.

"N/A" indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. "*" indicates the data are unreliable as a result of small sample sizes or other reasons.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting that they Believe People Put Themselves at Great or Moderate Risk of Harm by Using E-Cigarettes, 2019: by Location

2019
Number Percent
Minnesota 4,727.0 51.0%
Metro 2,805.0 52.3%
Non-Metro 1,922.0 49.2%

Illicit Drug Use

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Any Use of Marijuana in the Past 30 Days, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 1,202 16.4% 1,148 13.4% 1,330 14.0%
Metro 805 18.6% 683 13.7% 722 13.1%
Non-Metro 397 13.2% 465 13.0% 608 15.2%

About the Indicator:

Current marijuana use is often assessed with measures of reported use in the past 30 days (30-day use). Students were asked about their use of marijuana, bud, weed, pot, hashish, hash, or hash oil.

According to the 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 17.7% of 9th graders and 25.5% of 11th graders nationally reported any past 30 day marijuana use.

According to 2013 MSS data, compared to 8th, 9th, and 11th graders who reported past-30 day marijuana use, those who DIDN'T report marijuana use were 2.7 times less likely to report past-year suicidal ideation; 1.8 times less likely to report problems with feeling depressed in the past year; 1.6 times less likely to report feeling anxious in the past year; 2.5 times less likely to report self harm in the past year; 1.3 times less likely to report past-month bullying victimization; 2.3 times less likely to report not feeling safe in their neighborhoods; 2.1 times less likely to report not being able to talk to their parents about problems; and 2.5 times less likely to report their parents only care about them some, a little, or not at all.

On the other hand, compared to those students who DID report past 30-day marijuana use, those who DIDN'T report marijuana use were 1.9 times more likely to report better teacher-student relationships; 1.6 times more likely to report greater educational engagement; 1.8 times more likely to report that the adults in their communities care about them quite a bit or very much; and 1.4 times more likely to report weekly participation in community activities.

Further, those students who reported using marijuana monthly or more often were 1.9 times more likely to think that most students in their school also used marijuana monthly or more often, as compared to those who didn't use. The association was even stronger in the other direction: students who think most of their peers use monthly or more often were 6.6 times more likely themselves to report using marijuana that often.


"N/A" indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. "*" indicates the data are unreliable as a result of small sample sizes or other reasons.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting they First Smoked Marijuana at Age 13 or Younger, 2013 - 2016: by Location

2013 2016
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 715.0 15.6% 657.0 13.0%
Metro 429.0 15.7% 345.0 11.6%
Non-Metro 286.0 15.5% 312.0 14.8%

About the Indicator: According to the national 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 8.5% of 9th graders and 6.7% of 11th graders reported they first used marijuana before age 13 years. Nationally, 5.4% of white students, 10.6% of black students, and 10.9% of Hispanic students reported first using marijuana while younger than age 13.

N/A or * indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected.

Counts by race/ethnicity may not equal the state total, as students were allowed to select all applicable categories.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Use of Inhalants within the Past 12 Months, 2013 - 2016: by Location

2013 2016
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota * * 230 2.7%
Metro * * 132 2.7%
Non-Metro * * 98 2.7%

About the Indicator: Other drug consumption by youth is measured here as the number of students reporting any use of inhalants in the past 12 months.  Students were asked whether they sniffed glue, breathed the contents of aerosol spray cans, or inhaled any other gases or sprays in order to get high.  N/A or * indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. As a result of discrepancies in illicit drug use responses, 2013 drug use data are not reliable and are not included here.

In 2010, reported past 12 month use of inhalants among 12th graders was lower in Minnesota than the national average (rate ratio = 0.67:1.00).  State rates are from the Minnesota Student Survey; national rates are from Monitoring the Future (MTF).  For more national comparisons, click here State Epi Profile.

Counts by race/ethnicity may not equal the state total, as students were allowed to select all applicable categories.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Methamphetamine Use within the Past 12 Months, 2013 - 2016: by Location

2013 2016
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota * * 84 1.0%
Metro * * 47 1.0%
Non-Metro * * 37 1.0%

About the Indicator: Other drug consumption by youth is measured here as the number of students reporting any use of methamphetamines in the past 12 months.  Students were asked whether they used meth, glass, crank, crystal meth or ice. N/A or * indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. As a result of discrepancies in illicit drug use responses, 2013 drug use data are not reliable and are not included here.

In 2010, reported past 12 month methamphetamine use among 12th graders was higher in Minnesota than the national average (rate ratio = 2.80:1.00).  State rates are from the Minnesota Student Survey; national rates are from Monitoring the Future (MTF).  For more national comparisons, click here State Epi Profile.

Counts by race/ethnicity may not equal the state total, as students were allowed to select all applicable categories.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Use of MDMA/Ecstasy within the Past 12 Months, 2013 - 2016: by Location

2013 2016
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota * * 138 1.6%
Metro * * 86 1.7%
Non-Metro * * 52 1.5%

About the Indicator: Other drug consumption by youth is measured here as the number of students reporting any use of MDMA, GHB or Ketamine in the past 12 months.  Students were asked whether they used MDMA (E, X, Ecstasy), GHB (G, Liquid E, Liquid X, roofies), or Ketamine (Special K).  N/A or * indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. As a result of discrepancies in illicit drug use responses, 2013 drug use data are not reliable and are not included here.

In 2007, reported past 12 month MDMA/Ecstasy use among 12th graders was lower in Minnesota than the national average (rate ratio = 0.89:1.00).  State rates are from the Minnesota Student Survey; national rates are from Monitoring the Future (MTF).  For more national comparisons, click here State Epi Profile.

Counts by race/ethnicity may not equal the state total, as students were allowed to select all applicable categories.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Use of Crack/Cocaine within the Past 12 Months, 2013 - 2016: by Location

2013 2016
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota * * 143 1.7%
Metro * * 76 1.5%
Non-Metro * * 67 1.9%

About the Indicator: Other drug consumption by youth is measured here as the number of students reporting any use of crack or cocaine in the past 12 months.  Student were asked whether they used crack, cocaine in chunk or rock form, or cocaine in any other form.  N/A or * indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. As a result of discrepancies in illicit drug use responses, 2013 drug use data are not reliable and are not included here.

In 2010, reported past 12 month crack/cocaine use among 12th graders in Minnesota was 2.9%.  Nationally, 2.9% reported use of cocaine and 1.4% reported use of crack.  State rates are from the Minnesota Student Survey; national rates are from Monitoring the Future (MTF).  For more national comparisons, click here State Epi Profile.

Counts by race/ethnicity may not equal the state total, as students were allowed to select all applicable categories.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Use of LSD, PCP or Other Psychedelics within the Past 12 Months, 2013 - 2016: by Location

2013 2016
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota * * 232 2.7%
Metro * * 128 2.6%
Non-Metro * * 104 2.9%

About the Indicator: Other drug consumption by youth is measured here as the number of students reporting any use of psychedelics in the past 12 months. Students were asked whether they used LSD (acid), PCP (wet sticks or dipped joints), or other psychedelics (mushrooms, angel dust).  N/A or * indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. As a result of discrepancies in illicit drug use responses, 2013 drug use data are not reliable and are not included here.

In 2010, reported past 12 month psychedelic use among 12th graders in Minnesota was 4.3%.  Nationally, 2.6% reported use of LSD and 4.8% reported use of other hallucinogens.  State rates are from the Minnesota Student Survey; national rates are from Monitoring the Future (MTF).   For more national comparisons, click here State Epi Profile.

Counts by race/ethnicity may not equal the state total, as students were allowed to select all applicable categories.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Use of Heroin within the Past 12 Months, 2013 - 2016: by Location

2013 2016
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota * * 70 0.8%
Metro * * 48 1.0%
Non-Metro * * 22 0.6%

About the Indicator: Other drug consumption by youth is measured here as the number of students reporting any use of heroin in the past 12 months.  N/A or * indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. As a result of discrepancies in illicit drug use responses, 2013 drug use data are not reliable and are not included here.

In 2010, reported past 12 month heroin use among 12th graders was higher in Minnesota than the national average (rate ratio = 1.33:1.00).  State rates are from the Minnesota Student Survey; national rates are from Monitoring the Future (MTF).  For more national comparisons, click here State Epi Profile.

Counts by race/ethnicity may not equal the state total, as students were allowed to select all applicable categories.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Use of Synthetic Drugs within the Past 12 Months, 2013 - 2016: by Location

2013 2016
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota * * 185 2.2%
Metro * * 95 1.9%
Non-Metro * * 90 2.5%

About the Indicator: Other drug consumption by youth is measured here as the number of students reporting any use of synthetic drugs in the past 12 months. Students were asked whether they used synthetic drugs such as bath salts (White Wave, White Lightning), or synthetic marijuana (K2, Gold), that they took only to get high.  N/A or * indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. As a result of discrepancies in illicit drug use responses, 2013 drug use data are not reliable and are not included here.

Because the question about synthetic drugs was added to the survey in 2013, trend data are not available.

For national comparisons, click here: State Epi Profile.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Prescription Drug Misuse

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Any Past 30 Day Use of Prescription Drugs Not Prescribed for Them, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 647.0 8.9% 625.0 7.4% 549.0 5.8%
Metro 401.0 9.3% 379.0 7.7% 307.0 5.6%
Non-Metro 246.0 8.2% 246.0 6.9% 242.0 6.1%

About the Indicator:

 In 2013, a new question was added to the Minnesota Student Survey asking about student's past month misuse of any prescription drugs (use of prescription drugs not prescribed for them). Prescription drugs can have dangerous health consequences if used incorrectly, or if used by by someone other than for whom they were intended.


According to 2013 MSS data, compared to 8th, 9th, and 11th graders who reported past-30 day prescription drug misuse, those who DIDN'T report misuse were 3.8 times less likely to report past-year suicidal ideation; 2.2 times less likely to report problems with feeling depressed in the past year; 1.9 times less likely to report feeling anxious in the past year; 3.6 times less likely to report self harm in the past year; 1.5 times less likely to report past-month bullying victimization; 3 times less likely to report not feeling safe in their neighborhoods; 2.6 times less likely to report not being able to talk to their parents about problems; and 3.4 times less likely to report their parents only care about them some, a little, or not at all.

On the other hand, compared to those students who DID report past 30-day prescription drug misuse, those who DIDN'T report misuse were 2 times more likely to report better teacher-student relationships; 1.7 times more likely to report greater educational engagement; 1.9 times more likely to report that the adults in their communities care about them quite a bit or very much; and 1.2 times more likely to report weekly participation in community activities.


"N/A" indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. "*" indicates the data are unreliable as a result of small sample sizes or other reasons.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Any Use of Prescription Pain Relievers Not Prescribed for Them by Their Doctor within the Past 12 Months, 2013 - 2016: by Location

2013 2016
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota * * 389.0 4.6%
Metro * * 221.0 4.5%
Non-Metro * * 168.0 4.7%

About the Indicator: Drug consumption by youth is measured here as the number of students reporting any abuse of prescription drugs in the past 12 months.  Students were asked whether they used Oxycodone, OxyContin (oxy), Percocet, Percodan, Vicodin or other pain relievers not prescribed for them by a doctor.  N/A or * indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected.

In 2010, reported past 12 month prescription pain reliever use among 12th graders was similar in Minnesota to the national average (rate ratio = 1.02:1.00).  States rates are from the Minnesota Student Survey; national rates are from Monitoring the Future (MTF). 

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Any Use of ADD or ADHD Drugs Not Prescribed for Them by Their Doctor within the Past 12 Months, 2013 - 2016: by Location

2013 2016
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota * * 316.0 3.7%
Metro * * 193.0 3.9%
Non-Metro * * 123.0 3.5%

About the Indicator:

Other drug consumption by youth is measured here as the number of 9th and 12th grade students reporting any abuse of their own or someone else’s prescription ADHD or ADD drugs like Ritalin (hyper pills) in the past 12 months for the purpose of getting high.  N/A or * indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected.

In 2010, reported past 12 month ADHD or ADD drug use among 12th graders was higher in Minnesota than the national average (rate ratio = 1.17:1.00).  States rates are from the Minnesota Student Survey; national rates are from Monitoring the Future (MTF).


Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Any Use of Stimulants or Diet Pills Not Prescribed for Them by Their Doctor within the Past 12 Months, 2013 - 2016: by Location

2013 2016
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota * * 132.0 1.6%
Metro * * 79.0 1.6%
Non-Metro * * 53.0 1.5%

About the Indicator: Other drug consumption by youth is measured here as the number of 9th and 12th grade students reporting any abuse of prescription stimulants like Benzedrine (bennies, speed, uppers, pep pills) or diet pills in the past 12 months for the purpose of getting high.  N/A or * indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Any Use of Tranquilizers or Sedatives Not Prescribed for Them by Their Doctor within the Past 12 Months, 2013 - 2016: by Location

2013 2016
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota * * 253.0 3.0%
Metro * * 168.0 3.4%
Non-Metro * * 85.0 2.4%

About the Indicator: Drug consumption by youth is measured here as the number of 9th and 12th grade students reporting any abuse of prescription tranquilizers (Valium, Xanax, nerve pills), sedatives, or barbiturates in the past 12 months for the purpose of getting high.  N/A or * indicate that the data are unavailable or were not collected.  

In 2010, reported past 12 month tranquilizer/sedative use among 12th graders in Minnesota was 3.2%.  Nationally, 5.6% reported use of tranquilizers and 4.8% reported use of sedatives.  States rates are from the Minnesota Student Survey; national rates are from Monitoring the Future (MTF).

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Drug Consequences

No data was found for Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial (Race) in the category Drug Consequences

Drug Intervening Variables

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting that they Believe People put themselves at Great or Moderate Risk of Harm by Smoking Marijuana Once or Twice a Week, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 5,371.0 59.0% 5,961.0 54.3% 3,882.0 41.9%
Metro 3,081.0 58.0% 3,380.0 54.2% 2,278.0 42.5%
Non-Metro 2,290.0 60.5% 2,581.0 54.5% 1,604.0 41.1%

About the Indicator:

Students were asked specifically how much they thought people risked harming themselves physically or in other ways if they smoked marijuana once or twice per week. "N/A" indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. "*" indicates the data are unreliable as a result of small sample sizes or other reasons.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting that they Believe People Put themselves at Great or Moderate Risk of Harm by Using Prescription Drugs Not Prescribed for Them, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 7,281.0 79.8% 8,497.0 77.4% 7,263.0 78.5%
Metro 4,280.0 80.3% 4,836.0 77.4% 4,230.0 79.1%
Non-Metro 3,001.0 79.1% 3,661.0 77.3% 3,033.0 77.8%

About the Indicator:

The Minnesota Student Survey added a question about the perceived harm of misusing prescription drugs 2013. 

"N/A" indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. "*" indicates the data are unreliable as a result of small sample sizes or other reasons.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Their Parents Would Think It's Very Wrong or Wrong for Them to Smoke Marijuana, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 8,197 89.5% 9,491 86.4% 7,476 80.8%
Metro 4,769 89.1% 5,399 86.4% 4,389 82.0%
Non-Metro 3,428 90.0% 4,092 86.3% 3,087 79.2%

About the Indicator: The Minnesota Student Survey question about parent disapproval changed considerably in 2013. In prior years, students were asked about the extent their parents would approve or disapprove of them smoking marijuana. In 2013, students were asked how wrong their parents would feel it would be for them to smoke marijuana. Therefore, 9th grade trend data are available only for 2013 and 2016.

"N/A" indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. "*" indicates the data are unreliable as a result of small sample sizes or other reasons.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Their Parents Would Think It's Very Wrong or Wrong for Them to Use Prescription Drugs Not Prescribed for Them, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 8,610 93.9% 10,240 93.2% 8,637 93.4%
Metro 5,048 94.2% 5,815 93.0% 5,025 94.0%
Non-Metro 3,562 93.6% 4,425 93.3% 3,612 92.7%

About the Indicator: The Minnesota Student Survey question about parent disapproval changed in 2013. In prior years, students were asked about the extent their parents would approve or disapprove of them using other illegal drugs (other than marijuana). In 2013, this question was dropped and students were instead asked how wrong their parents would feel it would be for them to use prescription drugs not prescribed for them. Therefore, 9th grade trend data are available only for 2013 and 2016.

"N/A" indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. "*" indicates the data are unreliable as a result of small sample sizes or other reasons.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Their Friends Would Feel it is Wrong or Very Wrong for Them to Use Prescription Drugs not Prescribed for Them, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 7,494.0 82.4% 9,328.0 85.2% 7,509.0 81.4%
Metro 4,351.0 82.0% 5,251.0 84.2% 4,403.0 82.6%
Non-Metro 3,143.0 83.1% 4,077.0 86.4% 3,106.0 79.8%

About the Indicator: The Minnesota Student Survey question about peer disapproval changed in 2013. In prior years, students were asked about the extent to which their close friends would approve or disapprove of them using illegal drugs (other than marijuana). In 2013, this question was dropped and students were instead asked how wrong their friends would feel it would be for them to use prescription drugs not prescribed for them. Therefore, 9th grade trend data are available only for 2013 and 2016.

"N/A" indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. "*" indicates the data are unreliable as a result of small sample sizes or other reasons.


Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting They Think Their Friends Would Feel it is Wrong or Very Wrong for Them to Smoke Marijuana, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2019
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 6,303.0 69.3% 5,292.0 57.3%
Metro 3,570.0 67.2% 3,029.0 56.7%
Non-Metro 2,733.0 72.2% 2,263.0 58.1%

About the Indicator: The Minnesota Student Survey question about peer disapproval changed in 2013. In prior years, students were asked about the extent to which their close friends would approve or disapprove of them smoking marijuana once or twice a week. In 2013, this question was dropped and students were instead asked how wrong their friends would feel it would be for them to smoke marijuana. Therefore, 9th grade trend data are available only for 2013 and 2016.

"N/A" indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. "*" indicates the data are unreliable as a result of small sample sizes or other reasons.


Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Drug Treatment

No data was found for Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial (Race) in the category Drug Treatment

Risk Factors

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Ever Having Had a Boyfriend or Girlfriend in a Dating or Serious Relationship Who Hit, Slapped, or Physically Hurt Them on Purpose, 2013: by Location

2013
Number Percent
Minnesota 499.0 6.6%
Metro 285.0 6.4%
Non-Metro 214.0 7.0%

About the Indicator:

Intimate partner violence is a risk factor for both substance use and mental health disorders. N/A indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. This question changed in 2013.

According to the 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, physical dating violence was reported by 8.8% of 9th graders and 10.4% of 11th graders nationally.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting They Were Bullied or Harassed Weekly or More Often in the Past 30 Days, 2013 - 2016: by Location

2013 2016
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 1,929 24.2% 2,047 22.4%
Metro 1,130 23.3% 1,115 20.6%
Non-Metro 799 25.6% 932 24.9%

About the Indicator:

This indicator includes students responding "about once a week," "several times a week," or "every day" to any or all of the following Minnesota Student Survey questions:

During the last 30 days, how often have other students at school...?

  • Pushed, shoved, slapped, hit or kicked you when they weren't kidding around
  • Threatened to beat you up
  • Spread mean rumors or lies about you
  • Made sexual jokes, comments, or gestures toward you
  • Excluded you from friends, other students, or activities

In 2016, past 30-day alcohol use was reported by 9.1% of students who said they were not bullied or harassed in the past month, 18.4% of students who were bullied or harassed at least once in the past month, 24.3% of students who were bullied or harassed weekly or more often, and 28.1% of students who reported being bullied or harassed every day.

Further, compared to 8th, 9th, and 11th graders who reported NO past-month bullying victimization, bullied students were 1.8 times more likely to report alcohol use; 1.9 times more likely to report tobacco use; 1.7 times more likely to report marijuana use; and 2.5 times more likely to report prescription drug misuse.

See the 2017 Bullying and Substance Use SUMN Fact Sheet.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting They Were Bullied or Harassed Once or More in the Past 30 Days, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 4,267 53.5% 4,796 52.4% 7,785 58.1%
Metro 2,517 51.8% 2,707 50.0% 4,420 56.3%
Non-Metro 1,750 56.1% 2,089 55.9% 3,365 60.6%

About the Indicator:

This indicator includes students responding "about once a week," "several times a week," or "every day" to any or all of the following Minnesota Student Survey questions:

During the last 30 days, how often have other students at school...?

  • Pushed, shoved, slapped, hit or kicked you when they weren't kidding around
  • Threatened to beat you up
  • Spread mean rumors or lies about you
  • Made sexual jokes, comments, or gestures toward you
  • Excluded you from friends, other students, or activities

In 2016, past 30-day alcohol use was reported by 9.1% of students who said they were not bullied or harassed in the past month, 18.4% of students who were bullied or harassed at least once in the past month, 24.3% of students who were bullied or harassed weekly or more often, and 28.1% of students who reported being bullied or harassed every day.

Further, compared to 8th, 9th, and 11th graders who reported NO past-month bullying victimization, bullied students were 1.8 times more likely to report alcohol use; 1.9 times more likely to report tobacco use; 1.7 times more likely to report marijuana use; and 2.5 times more likely to report prescription drug misuse.

See the 2017 Bullying and Substance Use SUMN Fact Sheet.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting They Live with Someone Who Uses Illegal Drugs or Abuses Prescription Drugs, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 901 9.2% 739 8.5% 956 9.8%
Metro 579 10.0% 454 8.9% 532 9.4%
Non-Metro 322 8.1% 285 7.9% 424 10.4%

About the Indicator:

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are stressful or traumatic experiences, including abuse, neglect and a range of household dysfunction. ACEs put individuals at risk for a number of negative outcomes across the lifespan, including: alcohol, tobacco and other drug use; anxiety; hopelessness; depression; and suicidal ideation and attempts.

One ACE measured by the Minnesota Student Survey is household drug use. Students were asked if they lived with anyone who uses illegal drugs or abuses prescription drugs. Compared to students who do not live with someone who abuses drugs, those who do are more likely to report past month use of marijuana (40.6% vs 8.2%), alcohol (45.7% vs 15.0%), and tobacco (36.6% vs 9.6%). For more information on ACEs, see the 2017 ACEs and Substance Use SUMN Fact Sheet.

NOTE: 5th graders were asked this question in 2013, but were not asked in 2016.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting a Parent or Guardian is Currently or Ever Has Been in Prison, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 2,393 32.2% 2,806 32.4% 3,177 31.9%
Metro 1,300 29.5% 1,472 29.1% 1,614 27.8%
Non-Metro 1,093 36.1% 1,334 36.9% 1,563 37.7%

About the Indicator:

Note: 5th graders were asked this question in 2013, but not in 2016.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are stressful or traumatic experiences, including abuse, neglect and a range of household dysfunction. ACEs put individuals at risk for a number of negative outcomes across the lifespan, including: alcohol, tobacco and other drug use; anxiety; hopelessness; depression; and suicidal ideation and attempts.

One ACE measured by the Minnesota Student Survey is parent or caregiver incarceration. Students were asked if any of their parents or guardians had ever been in jail or prison. Compared to students who do not have a parent or caregiver who is or ever has been in jail or prison, those who do are more likely to report past month use of marijuana (22.3% vs 7.7%), alcohol (29.4% vs 14.3%), and tobacco (23.5% vs 8.8%).
For more information on ACEs, see the 2017 ACEs and Substance Use SUMN Fact Sheet.

For a concise explanation of the effects of parental incarceration on students, see the infographic "Academic Outcomes Among Youth with Incarcerated Parents in Minnesota."


Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting They Were Verbally Abused by Someone in Their Household, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 2,026 20.8% 1,735 20.0% 2,229 23.0%
Metro 1,173 20.3% 991 19.6% 1,206 21.4%
Non-Metro 853 21.4% 744 20.6% 1,023 25.2%

About the Indicator:

Note: 5th graders were asked this question in 2013, but not in 2016.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are stressful or traumatic experiences, including abuse, neglect and a range of household dysfunction. ACEs put individuals at risk for a number of negative outcomes across the lifespan, including: alcohol, tobacco and other drug use; anxiety; hopelessness; depression; and suicidal ideation and attempts.

One ACE measured by the Minnesota Student Survey is parent or household adult verbal abuse. Students were asked if a parent or another adult in the home regularly swears at them, insults them, or puts them down. Compared to students who do not report being verbally abused, those who do are more likely to report past month use of marijuana (19.8% vs 8.4%), alcohol (31.0% vs 14.4%), and tobacco (22.6% vs 9.3%).

For more information on ACEs, see the 2017 ACEs and Substance Use SUMN Fact Sheet.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting They Live with Someone Who Drinks Too Much Alcohol, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 1,259 12.8% 1,115 12.8% 1,362 14.0%
Metro 713 12.2% 618 12.1% 734 13.0%
Non-Metro 546 13.7% 497 13.7% 628 15.4%

About the Indicator:

Note: 5th graders were asked this question in 2013, but not 2016.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are stressful or traumatic experiences, including abuse, neglect and a range of household dysfunction. ACEs put individuals at risk for a number of negative outcomes across the lifespan, including: alcohol, tobacco and other drug use; anxiety; hopelessness; depression; and suicidal ideation and attempts.

One ACE measured by the Minnesota Student Survey is household alcohol problems. Students were asked if they live with someone who drinks too much alcohol. Compared to students who do not live with someone who drinks too much alcohol, those who do are more likely to report past month use of marijuana (23.4% vs 8.5%), alcohol (35.8% vs 14.5%), and tobacco (25.9% vs 9.5%).

For more information on ACEs, see the 2017 ACEs and Substance Use SUMN Fact Sheet.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting That a Parent or Other Adult Has Ever Hit, Beat, Kicked or Physically Hurt Them in Any Way, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 1,862 19.2% 1,510 17.4% 1,891 19.6%
Metro 1,143 19.9% 897 17.8% 1,071 19.1%
Non-Metro 719 18.1% 613 16.9% 820 20.3%

About the Indicator:

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are stressful or traumatic experiences, including abuse, neglect and a range of household dysfunction. ACEs put individuals at risk for a number of negative outcomes across the lifespan, including: alcohol, tobacco and other drug use; anxiety; hopelessness; depression; and suicidal ideation and attempts.

One ACE measured by the Minnesota Student Survey is parent or household adult physical abuse. Students were asked if a parent or another adult in the home has ever hit, beat, kicked or physically hurt them in any way. Compared to students who do not report being physically abused, those who do are more likely to report past month use of marijuana (20.7% vs 8.6%), alcohol (31.0% vs 14.8%), and tobacco (23.2% vs 9.5%).

Note: The question changed in 2013 from, "Has any adult in your household hit you so hard or so often that you had marks or were afraid of that person?" to "Has a parent or other adult in your household ever hit, beat, kicked or physically hurt you in any way?"

Additionally, 5th graders were not asked this question in 2016.

For more information on ACEs, see the 2014 ACEs and Behavioral Health SUMN Fact Sheet.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Resilience Factors

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting They Strongly Agree or Agree That They Feel Safe at School, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 9,435.0 89.5% 10,753.0 89.6% 11,911.0 87.2%
Metro 5,774.0 90.1% 6,308.0 90.2% 7,065.0 88.1%
Non-Metro 3,661.0 88.7% 4,445.0 88.9% 4,846.0 86.0%

About the Indicator:

School safety is a factor associated with both substance use and mental health disorders. According to 2019 MSS data, students who “strongly agree” or “agree” they feel safe at school are 1.8 times less likely to report past month alcohol use, 1.8 times less likely to report past month tobacco use, 1.9 times less likely to report past month marijuana use, and 2.7 times less likely to report any past month prescription drug misuse as compared to those who “disagree” or “strongly disagree.” N/A indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting They Can Talk to Their Mother Most or Some of the Time about Problems They Are Having, 2013 - 2016: by Location

2013 2016
Percent Number Percent Number
Minnesota 78.7% 8,318.0 81.4% 9,819.0
Metro 79.2% 5,091.0 82.8% 5,835.0
Non-Metro 77.9% 3,227.0 79.6% 3,984.0

About the Indicator:

Being able to talk to someone about problems you are having is a protective factor for both substance abuse and mental health disorders. Response options to the question “Can you talk to your mother about problems you are having?” include: “Yes, most of the time,” “Yes, some of the time,” “No, not very often,” “No, not at all,” and “My mother is not around.”

According to 2016 MSS data, students who said they could talk to their mother some or most of the time about problems they are having are 1.9 times less likely to report past-month alcohol use, 2.1 times less likely to report past-month tobacco use, 2.4 times less likely to report past-month marijuana use, and 2.6 times less likely to report any past-month prescription drug misuse as compared to those who can't talk to their mothers.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting They Can Talk to Their Father Most or Some of the Time about Problems They Are Having, 2013 - 2016: by Location

2013 2016
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 6,261.0 59.5% 7,391.0 68.9%
Metro 3,815.0 59.6% 4,378.0 70.0%
Non-Metro 2,446.0 59.3% 3,013.0 67.4%

About the Indicator:

Being able to talk to someone about problems you are having is a protective factor for both substance abuse and mental health disorders. Response options to the question “Can you talk to your father about problems you are having?” include: “Yes, most of the time,” “Yes, some of the time,” “No, not very often,” “No, not at all,” and “My father is not around.”

According to 2016 MSS data, students who said they could talk to their father some or most of the time about problems they are having are 1.8 times less likely to report past-month alcohol use, 1.9 times less likely to report past-month tobacco use, 2.2 times less likely to report past-month marijuana use, and 2.3 times less likely to report any past-month prescription drug misuse as compared to those who can't talk to their fathers.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Higher Levels of Educational Engagement, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 7,396.0 72.4% 8,608.0 72.4% 8,903.0 66.2%
Metro 4,543.0 73.6% 5,099.0 73.5% 5,352.0 67.4%
Non-Metro 2,853.0 70.6% 3,509.0 70.9% 3,551.0 64.5%

About the Indicator:

For the first time in 2013, the Minnesota Student Survey (MSS) included modified items from Child Trends Flourishing Children Project. Educational engagement comprises the following MSS questions:

  • How often do you care about doing well in school?
  • How often do you pay attention in class?
  • How often do you go to class unprepared?
  • If something interests me, I try to learn more about it.
  • I think the things I learn at school are useful.
  • Being a student is one of the most important parts of who I am.

Response options for each of the last three items above are: strongly agree (coded as 4), agree (coded as 3), disagree (coded as 2), and strongly disagree (coded as 1). Response options for the first three questions were: all of the time, most of the time, some of the time, and none of the time--these were coded as 1 through 4, with the most positive response scoring 4 and the least positive response scoring 1. An educational engagement score can be created by summing the values for each question, obtaining a range from 6 to 24. Higher levels of educational engagement are measured as students reporting an overall score of 18 or higher; this corresponds to an average score of 3 or higher per question.

In 2019, compared to 8th, 9th, and 11th graders who reported lower levels of educational engagement, more engaged students were 2.4 times less likely to report past-month alcohol use; 2.4 times less likely to report tobacco use; 3.2 less likely to report past-month marijuana use; and 3.0 times less likely to report past-month prescription drug misuse.

For more, see the Educational Engagement and Substance Use 2018 SUMN Fact Sheet.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting That They Feel That Their Community Cares About Them Quite a Bit or Very Much, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 3,362.0 33.3% 4,193.0 36.2% 4,587.0 34.6%
Metro 2,019.0 33.5% 2,507.0 37.5% 2,845.0 36.7%
Non-Metro 1,343.0 33.0% 1,686.0 34.3% 1,742.0 31.6%

About the Indicator:

Feeling cared about by people in their lives is a factor associated with protection against both substance use and mental health disorders. According to 2019 MSS data, students who think the adults in their communities care about them “quite a bit” or “very much” are 1.9 times less likely to report past month alcohol use, 1.9 times less likely to report past month tobacco use, 2.3 times less likely to report past month marijuana use, and 2.4 times less likely to report any past month prescription drug misuse as compared to those who think the adults in their communities only care “some,” “a little,” or “not at all.” N/A indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting That They Feel That Their Parents Care About Them Quite a Bit or Very Much, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 8,673.0 85.4% 10,134.0 87.1% 11,259.0 84.4%
Metro 5,201.0 85.6% 5,895.0 88.0% 6,758.0 86.6%
Non-Metro 3,472.0 85.1% 4,239.0 85.8% 4,501.0 81.3%

About the Indicator:

Feeling cared about by people in their lives is a factor associated with protection against both substance use and mental health disorders. According to 2019 MSS data, students who think their parents care about them “quite a bit” or “very much” are 2.4 times less likely to report past month alcohol use, 2.3 times less likely to report past month tobacco use, 2.9 times less likely to report past month marijuana use, and 4.3 times less likely to report any past month prescription drug misuse as compared to those who think their parents only care “some,” “a little,” or “not at all.” N/A indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting That They Feel That Their Friends Care About Them Quite a Bit or Very Much, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 7,344.0 73.0% 8,442.0 72.6% 9,497.0 71.4%
Metro 4,417.0 73.5% 4,913.0 73.4% 5,707.0 73.3%
Non-Metro 2,927.0 72.3% 3,529.0 71.6% 3,790.0 68.7%

About the Indicator:

Feeling cared about by people in their lives is a factor associated with protection against both substance use and mental health disorders. According to 2019 MSS data, students who think their friends care about them “quite a bit” or “very much” are 1.5 times less likely to report past month alcohol use, 1.5 times less likely to report past month tobacco use, 1.7 times less likely to report past month marijuana use, and 2.3 times less likely to report any past month prescription drug misuse as compared to those who think their friends only care “some,” “a little,” or “not at all.” N/A indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting That They Have Stronger Relationships with the Adults in Their Schools, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2019
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 5,319.0 55.1% 6,806.0 49.9%
Metro 3,188.0 55.3% 4,087.0 50.7%
Non-Metro 2,131.0 54.9% 2,719.0 48.9%

About the Indicator:

Students were asked a series of questions about their relationships with teachers and other adults at their schools. The students represented in this indicator reported whether they agreed with the following statements:

  • Overall, adults at my school treat students fairly

  • Adults at my school listen to the students

  • The school rules are fair

  • At my school, teachers care about students

  • Most teachers at my school are interested in me as a person

Response options for each of the five items are: strongly agree (coded as 4), agree (coded as 3), disagree (coded as 2), and strongly disagree (coded as 1). A teacher-student relationship score can be created by summing the values for each question, obtaining a range from 5 to 20.  Better teacher-student relationships are measured as students reporting an overall score of 15 or higher; this corresponds to an average of 3 or higher per question.

According to 2013 MSS data, compared to 8th, 9th, and 11th graders who reported better teacher-student relationships, those who reported worse teacher-student relationships were 2.4 times more likely to report alcohol use; 2.8 times more likely to report tobacco use; 2.9 times more likely to report marijuana use; and 3.3 times more likely to report prescription drug misuse.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Higher Levels of Empowerment, as Determined by the Developmental Assets Scale, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 5,414.0 56.7% 6,435.0 57.0% 6,584.0 51.5%
Metro 3,320.0 58.8% 3,830.0 59.2% 3,992.0 53.6%
Non-Metro 2,094.0 53.7% 2,605.0 54.1% 2,592.0 48.7%

About the Indicator:

The Developmental Assets framework was devised by the Search Institute* to identify skills and behaviors that contribute to positive adolescent development. Survey questions were generated and grouped to compose a series of scales to assess such development. For the 2013 Minnesota Student Survey (MSS), questions were added to facilitate analysis of the following scales: Social Competency, Positive Identity, and Empowerment (please visit SUMN.org for additional fact sheets).

The modified Empowerment Scale comprises 3 subsets of a question included on the Minnesota Student Survey as follows:

In general, how does each of the following statements describe you?

  • I feel valued and appreciated by others
  • I am included in family tasks and decisions
  • I am given useful roles and responsibilities

The response options to these statements were, “Not at all or rarely,” “Somewhat or sometimes,” “Very or often,” and “Extremely or almost always.” These responses were assigned a numerical score of 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Students with a total of 9 or more (an average of 3 or higher for the 3 questions) are considered by this scale to possess more, or a higher level of, empowerment.

A new method of analysis was introduced in 2019, to create consistency across agencies. Prior year data has been changed. For more information about the change, or for help in comparing your community's data, please email info@sumn.org.

* Note: The Search Institute's Empowerment Scale uses 6 indicators, rather than the 3 used by the MSS.
Items used and adapted with permission from Search Institute (2004). The Developmental Assets Profile. Minneapolis: Author. Copyright © 2004 by Search Institute (www.search-institute.org). All rights reserved.

 

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Higher Levels of Positive Identity, as Determined by the Developmental Assets Scale, 2013 - 2019: by Location

2013 2016 2019
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 4,524.0 47.8% 3,793.0 43.8% 4,534.0 35.9%
Metro 2,776.0 49.6% 2,279.0 45.1% 2,787.0 37.8%
Non-Metro 1,748.0 45.2% 1,514.0 41.8% 1,747.0 33.2%

About the Indicator:

The Developmental Assets framework was devised by the Search Institute* to identify skills and behaviors that contribute to positive adolescent development. Survey questions were generated and grouped to compose a series of scales to assess such development. For the Minnesota Student Survey (MSS), questions were added to facilitate analysis of the following scales: Social Competency, Positive Identity, and Empowerment (please visit SUMN.org for additional fact sheets).

The Positive Identity Scale comprises 6 subsets of a question included on the Minnesota Student Survey as follows:

In general, how does each of the following statements describe you?

  • I feel in control of my life and future
  • I feel good about myself
  • I feel good about my future
  • I deal with disappointment without getting too upset
  • I find ways to deal with the things that are hard in my life
  • I am thinking about what my purpose is in life

Modifications to the Search Institute scale were made for 5th graders on the first and last questions on the MSS. They were written as:

  • I can shape and influence what happens in my life and future
  • I think about what I want to do with my life when I grow up

The response options to these statements were, “Not at all or rarely,” “Somewhat or sometimes,” “Very or often,” and “Extremely or almost always.” These responses were assigned a numerical score of 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Students with a total score of 18 or more (an average of 3 or higher for the 6 questions) are considered by this scale to have a high level of positive identity.

A new method of analysis was introduced in 2019, to create consistency across agencies. Prior year data has been changed. For more information about the change, or for help in comparing your community's data, please email info@sumn.org.

*Items used and adapted with permission from Search Institute (2004). The Developmental Assets Profile. Minneapolis: Author. Copyright© 2004 by Search Institute (www.search-institute.org). All rights reserved.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting That They Feel That Their Relatives Care About Them Quite a Bit or Very Much, 2019: by Location

2019
Number Percent
Minnesota 10,252.0 77.0%
Metro 6,138.0 78.9%
Non-Metro 4,114.0 74.4%

About the Indicator:

Feeling cared about by people in their lives is a factor associated with protection against both substance use and mental health disorders. According to 2019 MSS data, students who think their relatives care about them “quite a bit” or “very much” are 2.1 times less likely to report past month alcohol use, 2.0 times less likely to report past month tobacco use, 2.6 times less likely to report past month marijuana use, and 3.5 times less likely to report any past month prescription drug misuse as compared to those who think their relatives only care “some,” “a little,” or “not at all.” N/A indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting That They Feel That Teachers and School Adults Care About Them Quite a Bit or Very Much, 2019: by Location

2019
Number Percent
Minnesota 5,754.0 43.3%
Metro 3,444.0 44.3%
Non-Metro 2,310.0 41.8%

About the Indicator:

Feeling cared about by people in their lives is a factor associated with protection against both substance use and mental health disorders. According to 2019 MSS data, students who think their teachers and other school adults care about them “quite a bit” or “very much” are 2.1 times less likely to report past month alcohol use, 2.1 times less likely to report past month tobacco use, 2.5 times less likely to report past month marijuana use, and 2.7 times less likely to report any past month prescription drug misuse as compared to those who think their relatives only care “some,” “a little,” or “not at all.” N/A indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting They Strongly Agree or Agree That They Feel Safe in Their Neighborhoods, 2019: by Location

2019
Number Percent
Minnesota 12,677.0 92.4%
Metro 7,526.0 93.2%
Non-Metro 5,151.0 91.3%

About the Indicator:

Feeling safe and secure is a factor associated with both substance use and mental health disorders. According to 2019 MSS data, students who “strongly agree” or “agree” they feel safe in their neighborhoods are 1.9 times less likely to report past month alcohol use, 1.8 times less likely to report past month tobacco use, 2.2 times less likely to report past month marijuana use, and 3.4 times less likely to report any past month prescription drug misuse as compared to those who “disagree” or “strongly disagree.” N/A indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting They Strongly Agree or Agree That They Feel Safe at Home, 2019: by Location

2019
Number Percent
Minnesota 12,994.0 94.7%
Metro 7,704.0 95.3%
Non-Metro 5,290.0 93.7%

About the Indicator:

Feeling safe and secure is a factor associated with both substance use and mental health disorders. 

N/A indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Adult Mental Health

No data was found for Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial (Race) in the category Adult Mental Health

Youth Mental Health

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting They Did Something to Purposely Hurt or Injure Themselves Without Wanting to Die (Such as Cutting, Burning, or Bruising) in the Past Year, 2013 - 2016: by Location

2013 2016
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 1,671.0 22.0% 1,962.0 22.5%
Metro 1,003.0 22.2% 1,066.0 20.9%
Non-Metro 668.0 21.7% 896.0 24.8%

About the Indicator:

Self-harm is a risk factor for both substance use and mental health disorders.

According to 2013 MSS data, compared to 8th, 9th, and 11th graders who reported NO past-year self-harm, those who DID report self-harm were 2.4 times more likely to report alcohol use; 2.9 times more likely to report tobacco use; 2.7 times more likely to report marijuana use; and 5.1 times more likely to report prescription drug misuse.

N/A or * indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected.

For more information on the association between self-harm and substance use, see the 2015 Mental Health and Substance Use SUMN Fact Sheet.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Youth Reporting High Distress Levels for Internalizing Disorders, 2013: by Location

2013
Number Percent
Minnesota 2,853.0 38.2%
Metro 1,693.0 38.3%
Non-Metro 1,160.0 38.1%

About the Indicator: Students with three or more internalizing disorders are considered to have a high distress level. Internalizing disorders are measured using the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs--Short Screener (GAIN-SS). New to the 2013 Minnesota Student Survey, students were asked about "significant" problems. Significant means "having problems for two or more weeks, problems that keep coming back, problems that keep you from meeting your responsibilities, or problems that make you feel like you can't go on."

  • Significant past 12 month problems with feeling very trapped, lonely, sad, blue, depressed, or hopeless about the future
  • Significant past 12 month problems with sleep trouble, such as bad dreams, sleeping restlessly or falling asleep during the day
  • Significant past 12 month problems with feeling very anxious, nervous, tense, scared, panicked or like something bad was going to happen
  • Significant past 12 month problems with become very distressed and upset when something reminded you of the past
  • Significant past 12 month problems with thinking about ending your life or committing suicide

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Youth Reporting High Distress Levels for Externalizing Disorders, 2013: by Location

2013
Number Percent
Minnesota 2,870.0 38.3%
Metro 1,716.0 38.6%
Non-Metro 1,154.0 37.8%

About the Indicator: Students with three or more externalizing disorders are considered to have a high distress level. Externalizing disorders are measured using the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs--Short Screener (GAIN-SS). New to the 2013 Minnesota Student Survey, students were asked about doing any of the following two or more times in the past 12 months:

  • "Lie or con to get things you wanted or to avoid having to do something"
  • "Have a hard time paying attention at school, work, or home"
  • "Have a hard time listening to instructions at school, work, or home"
  • "Be a bully or threaten other people"
  • "Start fights with other people"

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Past 2-Week Depressive Symptoms, 2019: by Location

2019
Number Percent
Minnesota 3,048.0 31.4%
Metro 1,701.0 30.1%
Non-Metro 1,347.0 33.3%

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Past 2-Week Symptoms of Anxiety, 2019: by Location

2019
Number Percent
Minnesota 3,297.0 33.9%
Metro 1,870.0 33.0%
Non-Metro 1,427.0 35.1%

Suicide

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting They Seriously Considered Attempting Suicide in the Last Year, 2013 - 2016: by Location

2013 2016
Number Percent Number Percent
Minnesota 1,240.0 16.5% 1,571.0 18.0%
Metro 712.0 16.0% 867.0 17.0%
Non-Metro 528.0 17.3% 704.0 19.5%

About the Indicator:

Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts are strongly associated with substance use. According to Partnership for Drug-Free Kids, almost one-fourth of suicide victims are legally intoxicated when they die.

According to the 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 17.2% of 9th graders and 18.2% of 11th graders nationally seriously considered attempting suicide in the past 12 months. 

N/A or * indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected.

According to 2013 MSS data, compared to 8th, 9th, and 11th graders who reported NO past-year suicidal ideation, those who DID report suicidal ideation were 2.3 times more likely to report alcohol use; 2.7 times more likely to report tobacco use; 2.7 times more likely to report marijuana use; and 4.6 times more likely to report prescription drug misuse.

For more information on the association between suicidal ideation and substance use, see the 2015 Mental Health and Substance Use SUMN Fact Sheet.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Students Reporting Gambling Behaviors

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Engaging in Problematic Gambling in the Past Year, 2016: by Location

2016
Number Percent
Minnesota 345.0 12.3%
Metro 211.0 13.4%
Non-Metro 134.0 10.9%

About the Indicator:

In 2016, for the first time, students were asked:
"During the last 12 months, how often have you...

  • hidden gambling/betting from your parents, other family members, or teachers?

  • felt that you might have a problem with gambling/betting?

  • skipped hanging out with friends who do not gamble/bet to hang out with friends who do gamble/bet?"

Response options included Never, Sometimes, Many times, and All of the time. Students who reported Sometimes, Many times, or All of the time for any of the above questions are considered to have engaged in any problematic gambling.

Gambling is associated with increased substance use. In 2016, students who reported gambling monthly or more frequently in the past year were twice as likely to report alcohol use in the past month, compared to students who gambled less frequently or not at all. They were also 2.1 times as likely to report tobacco use, 2.0 times as likely to report marijuana use, and 2.3 times as likely to report prescription drug misuse in the past month. Students reporting problematic gambling were even more likely to report past-month substance use.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Gambling Online Monthly or More Often in the Past Year, 2016: by Location

2016
Number Percent
Minnesota 314.0 3.7%
Metro 198.0 4.0%
Non-Metro 116.0 3.2%

About the Indicator:

 In 2016, students were asked the following question:

"During the last 12 months, how often have you done the following gambling/betting activities?

  • Played cards, bet on sports teams or games of personal skill, like video gaming, pool, golf, or bowling

  • Bought lottery tickets or scratch-offs

  • Gambled in a casino

  • Gambled for money online"

Response options included Not at all, Less than once a month, About once a month, About once a week, 2 to 6 times a week, and Daily. Data here include any student who reported gambling About once a month, About once a week, 2 to 6 times a week, or Daily.

Gambling is associated with increased substance use. In 2016, students who reported gambling monthly or more frequently in the past year were twice as likely to report alcohol use in the past month, compared to students who gambled less frequently or not at all. They were also 2.1 times as likely to report tobacco use, 2.0 times as likely to report marijuana use, and 2.3 times as likely to report prescription drug misuse in the past month. Students reporting problematic gambling were even more likely to report past-month substance use.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Gambling in a Casino Monthly or More Often in the Past Year, 2016: by Location

2016
Number Percent
Minnesota 205.0 2.4%
Metro 115.0 2.3%
Non-Metro 90.0 2.5%

About the Indicator:

 In 2016, students were asked the following question:

"During the last 12 months, how often have you done the following gambling/betting activities?

  • Played cards, bet on sports teams or games of personal skill, like video gaming, pool, golf, or bowling

  • Bought lottery tickets or scratch-offs

  • Gambled in a casino

  • Gambled for money online"

Response options included Not at all, Less than once a month, About once a month, About once a week, 2 to 6 times a week, and Daily. Data here include any student who reported gambling About once a month, About once a week, 2 to 6 times a week, or Daily.

Gambling is associated with increased substance use. In 2016, students who reported gambling monthly or more frequently in the past year were twice as likely to report alcohol use in the past month, compared to students who gambled less frequently or not at all. They were also 2.1 times as likely to report tobacco use, 2.0 times as likely to report marijuana use, and 2.3 times as likely to report prescription drug misuse in the past month. Students reporting problematic gambling were even more likely to report past-month substance use.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Buying Lottery Tickets Monthly or More Often in the Past Year, 2016: by Location

2016
Number Percent
Minnesota 912.0 10.6%
Metro 515.0 10.3%
Non-Metro 397.0 11.0%

About the Indicator:

 In 2016, students were asked the following question:

"During the last 12 months, how often have you done the following gambling/betting activities?

  • Played cards, bet on sports teams or games of personal skill, like video gaming, pool, golf, or bowling

  • Bought lottery tickets or scratch-offs

  • Gambled in a casino

  • Gambled for money online"

Response options included Not at all, Less than once a month, About once a month, About once a week, 2 to 6 times a week, and Daily. Data here include any student who reported gambling About once a month, About once a week, 2 to 6 times a week, or Daily.

Gambling is associated with increased substance use. In 2016, students who reported gambling monthly or more frequently in the past year were twice as likely to report alcohol use in the past month, compared to students who gambled less frequently or not at all. They were also 2.1 times as likely to report tobacco use, 2.0 times as likely to report marijuana use, and 2.3 times as likely to report prescription drug misuse in the past month. Students reporting problematic gambling were even more likely to report past-month substance use.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Students Reporting Betting on Sports or Card Games Monthly or More Often in the Past Year, 2016: by Location

2016
Number Percent
Minnesota 2,509.0 29.2%
Metro 1,416.0 28.3%
Non-Metro 1,093.0 30.4%

About the Indicator:

 In 2016, students were asked the following question:

"During the last 12 months, how often have you done the following gambling/betting activities?

  • Played cards, bet on sports teams or games of personal skill, like video gaming, pool, golf, or bowling

  • Bought lottery tickets or scratch-offs

  • Gambled in a casino

  • Gambled for money online"

Response options included Not at all, Less than once a month, About once a month, About once a week, 2 to 6 times a week, and Daily. Data here include any student who reported gambling About once a month, About once a week, 2 to 6 times a week, or Daily.

Gambling is associated with increased substance use. In 2016, students who reported gambling monthly or more frequently in the past year were twice as likely to report alcohol use in the past month, compared to students who gambled less frequently or not at all. They were also 2.1 times as likely to report tobacco use, 2.0 times as likely to report marijuana use, and 2.3 times as likely to report prescription drug misuse in the past month. Students reporting problematic gambling were even more likely to report past-month substance use.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Alcohol Treatment

No data was found for Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial (Race) in the category Alcohol Treatment

Drug Treatment

No data was found for Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial (Race) in the category Drug Treatment

Admissions to Treatment by Referral Source

No data was found for Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial (Race) in the category Admissions to Treatment by Referral Source

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Description: The MSS is a confidential and anonymous self-administered survey given to students attending Minnesota public, charter and tribal schools. From 1995 to 2010, the survey was administered to students in 6th, 9th, and 12th grades. New in 2013, the survey was administered to students in 5th, 8th, 9th, and 11th grades. Trend data are now only available for 9th graders, and only for survey questions that did not change. Most schools elect to participate in the survey; in 2013, this included 84% of public schools in Minnesota.

Although the data are not presented here, the survey is also administered to area learning centers, juvenile correction facilities and private schools electing to participate.

Sponsored by: Minnesota Department of Education

Geographic Level: State, Region, and County

Aggregated data at the state and county level do not reveal disparities that may exist within a given geographic area.

Frequency: Data collected and reported every three years

Characteristics: The results of the MSS are also available at a county level. Data Privacy requirements mandate that data is presented in a manner such that no individual student can be identified through the presentation of the results. As part of the Data Privacy practices, the results are also presented in a manner that no individual school district could be identified through the results. Therefore, for counties that have only one school district, the results are not presented. Results are also withheld for counties in which the minimum number for student participation was not met.

The MSS is a “census” of schools, not a sample. The school districts get their own data. Fifth-graders were not asked all substance use questions. Some school districts do not participate, and student participation within the school district can vary widely. These data are self-reported.