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Self-Harm

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Percent of Students Reporting They Did Something to Purposely Hurt or Injure Themselves Without Wanting to Die (Such as Cutting, Burning, or Bruising) in the Past Year, All Available Years: by Grade, Gender, and County

20132016
FemaleMaleTotalFemaleMaleTotal
Minnesota11th17.6%8.0%12.8%20.6%9.0%14.8%
8th21.7%9.1%15.5%22.0%9.8%15.9%
9th22.5%8.8%15.8%22.9%8.8%15.9%
All Grades20.7%8.7%14.8%21.9%9.2%15.6%
Aitkin County11th17.9%8.3%13.5%12.5%11.1%11.8%
8th10.0%9.5%9.7%13.6%13.0%13.3%
9th29.9%5.0%18.1%27.9%11.1%20.8%
All Grades19.7%7.7%13.7%19.8%11.5%15.8%
Anoka County11th20.2%8.9%14.7%21.9%10.8%16.2%
8th27.0%10.2%18.5%21.4%9.0%15.5%
9th22.4%9.1%16.1%23.3%8.5%16.1%
All Grades23.7%9.5%16.7%22.2%9.4%15.9%
Becker County11th15.0%6.2%10.5%16.5%5.3%10.8%
8th20.6%5.4%12.8%22.9%9.0%15.8%
9th19.3%12.7%15.6%21.1%7.4%14.4%
All Grades18.3%8.7%13.2%20.3%7.3%13.8%
Beltrami County11th19.0%9.0%14.1%23.1%9.3%15.9%
8th27.1%8.7%17.8%32.5%14.6%23.8%
9th25.7%12.4%18.9%31.7%11.8%21.3%
All Grades24.2%10.2%17.1%29.7%12.1%20.7%
Benton County11th8.9%11.0%9.9%27.1%8.0%18.6%
8th27.1%21.7%24.7%20.4%12.8%16.7%
9th24.1%7.0%15.4%24.5%13.0%18.6%
All Grades20.6%12.6%16.8%23.7%11.9%17.9%
Big Stone County11th3.0%0.0%1.3%***
8th6.7%4.2%5.6%***
9th24.1%6.1%14.5%***
All Grades10.9%3.0%6.7%***
Blue Earth County11th14.9%6.1%10.9%15.5%7.7%11.4%
8th12.3%8.6%10.4%20.8%7.3%14.0%
9th23.3%13.8%18.5%19.9%5.7%12.9%
All Grades16.9%9.9%13.4%18.9%6.9%12.8%
Brown County11th21.9%10.9%16.2%23.0%11.6%17.3%
8th24.5%5.3%14.7%21.4%5.2%12.8%
9th23.8%8.2%16.1%19.1%10.7%14.7%
All Grades23.5%8.0%15.6%21.0%9.0%14.8%
Carlton County11th23.1%6.9%14.9%22.4%9.2%16.0%
8th24.2%7.3%15.9%27.2%12.6%19.8%
9th24.3%5.7%15.3%27.7%9.8%18.3%
All Grades23.9%6.7%15.4%25.9%10.7%18.2%
Carver County11th17.7%4.9%11.4%16.1%4.5%10.0%
8th22.3%7.2%14.7%25.2%11.1%18.5%
9th15.8%6.3%11.3%21.3%5.1%13.3%
All Grades18.4%6.2%12.4%21.9%7.3%14.7%
Cass County11th13.0%4.2%8.6%38.0%14.6%26.1%
8th30.7%9.1%19.3%23.0%4.1%13.1%
9th24.4%4.2%14.1%29.8%11.1%20.2%
All Grades23.5%6.0%14.5%29.4%9.4%19.1%
Chippewa County11thN/AN/AN/A***
8thN/AN/AN/A***
9thN/AN/AN/A***
All GradesN/AN/AN/A***
Chisago County11th16.8%8.3%12.8%***
8th21.5%7.7%15.1%***
9th24.1%10.2%17.0%***
All Grades21.0%8.8%15.1%***
Clay County11th16.2%9.0%12.8%20.5%6.7%13.1%
8th17.0%7.8%12.3%18.7%12.2%15.6%
9th19.4%3.8%11.7%21.2%10.2%15.3%
All Grades17.5%6.8%12.3%20.0%9.8%14.7%
Clearwater County11th13.3%10.7%12.1%28.1%11.1%19.1%
8th28.6%7.5%19.1%20.9%10.5%16.0%
9th26.3%1.9%12.0%27.9%9.4%16.8%
All Grades23.9%5.7%14.6%25.4%10.1%17.2%
Cook County11th0.0%0.0%0.0%***
8th21.1%0.0%12.5%***
9th31.8%0.0%16.3%***
All Grades21.6%0.0%10.9%***
Cottonwood County11th16.2%3.6%8.6%18.2%4.1%10.8%
8th21.4%3.6%11.2%22.7%14.3%18.3%
9th25.6%5.8%14.7%31.9%8.2%19.8%
All Grades21.3%4.3%11.5%24.4%8.8%16.3%
Crow Wing County11th3.0%8.5%5.8%***
8th18.9%6.2%12.8%***
9th9.0%11.7%10.2%***
All Grades11.5%8.6%10.1%***
Dakota County11th19.8%8.1%14.0%20.2%8.4%14.2%
8th23.8%9.1%16.5%20.3%9.0%14.6%
9th21.0%6.6%13.9%21.9%8.4%15.3%
All Grades21.6%8.0%14.8%20.9%8.6%14.7%
Dodge County11th20.2%12.8%16.7%25.5%9.6%18.7%
8th15.5%4.3%10.4%18.4%5.6%12.2%
9th15.9%6.3%11.4%18.5%4.3%11.7%
All Grades16.9%7.4%12.5%20.5%6.1%13.8%
Douglas County11th15.4%7.6%12.0%17.2%10.3%13.6%
8th8.7%8.8%8.8%21.3%10.3%16.0%
9th27.0%10.9%18.3%21.9%7.8%14.9%
All Grades16.4%9.2%12.9%20.4%9.5%14.9%
Faribault County11th11.8%9.2%10.3%29.6%6.9%17.9%
8th15.4%12.9%14.0%19.6%5.4%11.8%
9th22.2%10.4%16.5%15.6%9.8%12.3%
All Grades17.1%10.8%13.8%22.1%7.4%14.1%
Fillmore County11th10.9%3.2%6.4%12.5%4.8%8.7%
8th18.7%4.3%11.8%25.4%7.1%15.8%
9th10.7%3.6%7.1%21.4%9.2%15.6%
All Grades14.1%3.7%8.8%19.8%7.1%13.5%
Freeborn County11th26.2%13.0%19.0%21.8%13.4%17.8%
8th17.6%10.6%14.2%26.1%12.6%19.6%
9th27.4%9.5%20.0%28.1%12.5%20.0%
All Grades24.3%11.1%18.0%25.5%12.8%19.2%
Goodhue County11th15.3%9.7%12.3%16.5%12.3%14.9%
8th14.2%8.5%11.6%22.4%18.9%20.6%
9th20.2%11.5%15.8%24.5%9.2%16.4%
All Grades16.0%9.7%12.9%21.0%13.7%17.5%
Grant County11th9.7%3.7%6.9%23.8%8.3%14.0%
8th34.6%13.5%22.2%15.9%6.7%12.2%
9th17.6%6.9%12.7%18.8%11.4%14.9%
All Grades19.8%8.6%14.1%18.6%8.9%13.6%
Hennepin County11th16.8%7.2%12.1%20.6%8.7%14.8%
8th19.5%8.6%14.1%20.8%9.5%15.3%
9th22.8%8.6%15.9%19.1%7.5%13.4%
All Grades19.8%8.2%14.1%20.2%8.6%14.5%
Houston County11th15.3%4.1%9.1%15.2%12.9%14.2%
8th19.3%12.3%16.0%25.3%16.0%21.0%
9th17.7%14.3%16.0%18.3%7.5%12.2%
All Grades17.4%9.6%13.4%19.8%11.5%15.7%
Hubbard County11th36.9%12.5%24.1%27.8%8.5%18.2%
8th13.2%3.0%8.9%28.6%10.8%20.4%
9th35.6%11.1%25.2%34.1%8.6%22.8%
All Grades27.1%8.9%18.8%30.4%9.2%20.5%
Isanti County11th24.3%8.3%17.3%27.7%13.9%20.9%
8th37.4%13.5%25.8%26.1%22.1%24.1%
9th30.1%8.8%19.2%33.5%13.6%23.7%
All Grades32.0%10.8%21.7%29.2%16.6%23.0%
Itasca County11th20.9%9.8%15.9%26.7%14.2%19.6%
8th15.3%8.7%12.0%26.9%6.5%16.3%
9th25.0%11.7%18.3%28.8%12.0%20.7%
All Grades20.4%10.1%15.4%27.6%10.7%18.9%
Jackson County11th11.1%5.6%8.3%22.5%10.3%17.4%
8th17.0%2.2%10.2%28.6%10.0%17.6%
9th17.8%8.5%12.5%25.0%18.6%21.8%
All Grades15.1%5.7%10.3%24.5%14.1%19.5%
Kanabec County11th24.5%13.8%18.4%15.3%5.6%9.9%
8th18.3%8.8%13.6%20.7%10.6%16.3%
9th21.4%6.8%14.7%30.9%6.3%17.7%
All Grades20.9%9.8%15.3%22.4%7.4%14.8%
Kandiyohi County11th15.3%7.7%10.9%14.9%4.9%9.3%
8th25.5%9.3%16.9%23.8%6.2%15.0%
9th20.0%4.9%12.5%18.1%6.8%12.2%
All Grades20.5%7.3%13.4%19.4%6.0%12.4%
Kittson County11th21.1%9.1%14.6%7.1%10.5%8.5%
8th13.0%19.0%15.9%28.6%0.0%15.0%
9th29.0%3.8%17.5%27.8%12.5%20.6%
All Grades21.9%10.1%16.2%19.4%7.4%14.0%
Koochiching County11th18.2%14.3%16.0%***
8th28.9%14.3%22.5%***
9th21.2%24.2%22.7%***
All Grades24.0%17.7%20.9%***
Lac Qui Parle County11th8.6%3.7%6.5%21.9%5.7%13.4%
8th23.7%5.6%14.9%36.2%10.4%24.5%
9th25.0%8.5%15.7%16.2%2.8%9.6%
All Grades19.3%6.4%12.8%26.8%6.7%17.1%
Lake County11th14.3%12.8%13.3%***
8th25.0%7.9%16.2%***
9th32.8%9.4%25.0%***
All Grades27.3%10.1%19.1%***
Lake of the Woods County11th18.8%7.7%13.8%***
8th18.2%0.0%7.4%***
9th9.1%40.0%23.8%***
All Grades15.8%12.8%14.3%***
Le Sueur County11th17.2%6.2%11.2%21.8%2.1%13.1%
8th17.7%5.0%12.4%27.0%11.0%18.0%
9th14.6%9.8%12.2%28.2%9.8%18.7%
All Grades16.4%7.3%12.0%25.7%8.3%16.8%
Lincoln County11th13.0%10.0%11.6%***
8th17.4%0.0%11.4%***
9th13.3%8.3%10.3%***
All Grades14.8%7.1%11.1%***
Lyon County11th11.3%6.7%9.1%11.0%11.0%11.0%
8th27.3%11.5%17.9%22.9%6.3%14.2%
9th19.0%13.1%16.0%19.3%5.6%12.3%
All Grades18.3%10.7%14.3%18.3%7.1%12.7%
McLeod County11th8.3%0.0%3.8%***
8th31.6%9.1%23.3%***
9th9.1%30.0%19.0%***
All Grades19.0%11.4%15.6%***
Mahnomen County11th24.0%4.5%14.9%31.6%3.3%14.3%
8th27.3%3.6%16.4%40.0%12.5%23.1%
9th13.3%14.6%14.1%32.3%8.8%20.0%
All Grades21.6%8.8%15.1%34.7%8.7%19.6%
Marshall County11th11.9%3.9%7.5%10.7%2.6%6.1%
8th25.0%2.6%13.3%18.2%7.0%11.8%
9th12.7%11.9%12.4%10.3%3.1%7.0%
All Grades15.8%6.1%10.9%13.0%4.4%8.5%
Martin County11th20.0%13.3%16.8%***
8th18.1%12.7%15.6%***
9th21.7%6.8%13.9%***
All Grades20.1%10.3%15.2%***
Meeker County11th8.3%14.5%11.6%13.8%6.8%10.5%
8th17.1%12.6%14.8%10.9%5.3%8.2%
9th20.0%9.4%14.3%34.0%8.5%20.5%
All Grades16.3%11.8%13.9%19.5%6.9%13.2%
Mille Lacs County11th22.5%6.5%14.7%25.9%5.5%15.7%
8th26.6%9.1%17.6%20.9%9.6%14.7%
9th23.7%6.0%14.9%23.0%11.4%17.5%
All Grades24.4%7.3%15.8%23.0%9.1%15.9%
Morrison County11th16.5%5.3%11.0%18.1%11.0%14.9%
8th19.7%7.8%13.6%20.3%7.1%14.0%
9th22.2%7.9%14.9%24.3%6.8%15.1%
All Grades19.7%7.2%13.4%21.0%8.1%14.7%
Mower County11th9.5%7.9%8.6%23.9%6.3%14.6%
8th30.0%9.0%19.7%23.0%14.9%18.7%
9th28.0%8.8%19.1%23.0%9.5%15.9%
All Grades24.1%8.6%16.4%23.3%10.7%16.6%
Murray County11th15.8%3.4%10.4%13.5%5.3%9.3%
8th15.4%9.4%12.7%19.5%12.9%16.7%
9th17.6%13.9%15.7%20.0%14.3%16.9%
All Grades16.2%9.3%13.0%17.7%10.8%14.3%
Nicollet County11th8.2%7.3%7.7%***
8th8.8%14.3%11.3%***
9th10.9%8.1%9.4%***
All Grades9.3%9.6%9.5%***
Nobles County11th13.5%13.3%13.4%16.5%4.0%10.6%
8th29.2%10.9%20.2%25.7%4.3%15.9%
9th19.3%9.0%14.3%16.9%7.5%11.5%
All Grades21.2%10.9%16.2%20.4%5.5%12.9%
Norman County11th26.7%6.9%16.9%17.9%8.7%13.7%
8th15.8%0.0%8.8%17.4%7.3%11.9%
9th23.1%11.1%17.3%22.6%6.3%14.3%
All Grades21.5%6.3%14.4%19.0%7.3%13.0%
Olmsted County11th21.2%9.1%14.3%18.4%7.6%13.0%
8th19.0%8.2%13.2%23.5%9.6%16.6%
9th25.3%13.2%19.3%21.3%7.2%14.7%
All Grades21.5%9.8%15.3%21.4%8.3%15.0%
Otter Tail County11th18.7%4.5%11.5%24.1%9.5%16.8%
8th16.4%11.9%14.2%22.8%7.3%14.0%
9th18.4%8.1%13.3%19.9%11.1%15.5%
All Grades17.7%8.5%13.1%22.2%9.2%15.4%
Pennington County11th18.2%9.4%13.4%***
8th21.7%5.3%14.4%***
9th40.0%13.7%26.6%***
All Grades27.2%9.5%18.4%***
Pine County11th21.9%18.9%20.4%36.1%16.7%25.7%
8th25.7%7.2%15.7%28.0%13.1%20.6%
9th25.6%13.2%19.8%21.8%17.1%19.4%
All Grades24.5%12.9%18.6%27.7%15.6%21.5%
Pipestone County11th14.7%10.0%12.5%***
8th4.2%13.9%10.0%***
9th16.7%15.2%15.9%***
All Grades12.8%13.1%13.0%***
Polk County11th15.2%3.1%8.7%29.3%11.6%21.4%
8th20.7%8.7%15.2%25.5%12.3%18.9%
9th22.8%10.7%17.1%27.3%5.8%16.0%
All Grades19.9%7.5%13.9%27.3%9.7%18.6%
Pope County11th11.4%6.3%9.0%25.0%13.2%17.7%
8th15.6%12.2%13.7%15.6%11.6%13.3%
9th32.3%6.5%16.9%24.0%10.0%16.4%
All Grades19.4%8.4%13.4%21.0%11.7%15.6%
Ramsey County11th18.1%8.5%13.4%21.0%10.8%16.0%
8th25.8%13.0%19.7%23.2%11.8%17.6%
9th23.4%11.7%17.8%24.6%9.8%17.5%
All Grades22.4%11.0%16.9%23.0%10.8%17.0%
Red Lake County11th28.0%13.0%20.8%21.7%10.5%16.7%
8th8.3%15.0%11.4%25.0%0.0%13.3%
9th11.1%21.9%16.9%14.3%8.7%11.4%
All Grades15.8%17.3%16.6%20.6%6.3%13.7%
Redwood County11th20.4%9.5%14.3%25.0%6.6%15.0%
8th29.4%6.8%17.3%36.1%7.7%22.6%
9th24.5%8.8%15.7%25.0%12.3%18.8%
All Grades24.8%8.4%15.7%29.2%8.9%19.1%
Renville County11th9.7%0.0%5.5%21.9%2.6%14.6%
8th23.3%12.0%19.1%25.0%4.6%14.4%
9th11.1%5.9%8.6%33.3%6.8%21.4%
All Grades15.5%6.0%11.4%26.4%4.7%16.6%
Rice County11th21.3%9.9%15.8%20.5%7.2%14.2%
8th20.3%8.4%14.3%22.4%11.1%16.8%
9th30.1%11.0%20.2%24.6%8.3%16.6%
All Grades23.8%9.7%16.7%22.5%9.2%16.0%
Rock County11th11.8%5.1%8.2%***
8th13.3%9.8%11.6%***
9th10.3%5.6%8.0%***
All Grades11.9%6.9%9.4%***
Roseau County11th11.1%8.8%9.9%17.4%8.3%11.9%
8th12.5%2.5%6.3%16.9%13.9%15.4%
9th25.3%7.0%16.0%20.0%7.4%13.3%
All Grades17.2%6.1%11.1%18.3%9.8%13.7%
St. Louis County11th11.8%7.7%9.9%22.6%10.5%16.4%
8th24.6%8.9%16.9%26.2%11.9%19.1%
9th23.8%9.5%16.9%23.9%11.5%17.7%
All Grades20.5%8.8%14.9%24.3%11.3%17.8%
Scott County11th16.9%8.6%12.7%19.9%6.3%13.3%
8th23.3%9.4%16.4%25.1%9.7%17.3%
9th23.1%8.4%15.7%28.0%11.1%19.2%
All Grades21.3%8.8%15.0%24.6%9.3%16.8%
Sherburne County11th15.8%7.3%11.3%20.2%9.6%14.9%
8th21.6%8.7%14.7%25.4%9.1%16.9%
9th20.5%7.0%14.1%26.1%6.6%16.4%
All Grades19.5%7.7%13.5%24.1%8.5%16.2%
Sibley County11th20.0%6.3%13.6%23.3%2.3%14.6%
8th23.3%13.7%18.9%34.4%13.6%23.8%
9th19.0%9.2%13.7%20.7%18.9%19.8%
All Grades20.8%9.7%15.3%26.4%12.3%19.8%
Stearns County11th15.9%7.7%11.9%15.3%7.9%11.7%
8th18.2%8.6%13.4%17.8%9.3%13.6%
9th19.0%6.7%12.8%18.8%7.8%13.4%
All Grades17.7%7.6%12.7%17.5%8.4%13.0%
Steele County11th19.9%5.6%13.0%19.4%12.2%15.9%
8th17.9%7.1%12.8%26.8%8.4%17.7%
9th20.1%7.5%14.1%25.8%8.9%17.0%
All Grades19.3%6.7%13.3%23.9%9.8%16.9%
Stevens County11th22.7%5.9%15.4%16.3%0.0%9.2%
8th14.3%6.5%10.5%17.1%4.8%10.4%
9th11.8%2.0%6.0%11.8%9.5%10.5%
All Grades15.2%4.4%9.6%15.2%5.1%10.0%
Swift County11th20.0%13.2%15.9%***
8th16.7%2.9%10.0%***
9th28.6%0.0%14.8%***
All Grades21.3%6.1%13.4%***
Todd County11th15.9%6.4%12.0%12.9%10.2%11.5%
8th17.6%12.2%15.0%28.2%17.0%22.7%
9th23.7%6.8%16.5%27.6%11.3%19.0%
All Grades19.2%8.7%14.6%23.0%12.9%17.8%
Traverse County11th22.2%0.0%15.4%***
8th13.3%4.3%7.9%***
9th27.3%0.0%13.0%***
All Grades20.5%2.3%11.5%***
Wabasha County11th13.7%7.3%10.7%17.2%11.1%14.3%
8th21.5%6.7%14.8%24.3%8.9%16.2%
9th19.2%9.2%14.4%21.7%7.2%14.8%
All Grades17.6%7.7%12.9%21.1%8.9%15.1%
Wadena County11th14.3%1.6%8.3%17.5%9.4%13.9%
8th18.4%3.6%11.5%22.5%12.5%17.0%
9th20.4%4.3%13.6%18.2%12.3%15.5%
All Grades18.0%3.3%11.3%19.4%11.6%15.6%
Waseca County11th23.3%7.4%15.6%24.4%13.6%19.0%
8th17.2%12.0%14.8%25.2%4.9%16.4%
9th22.9%5.1%13.3%31.0%9.3%19.8%
All Grades20.9%8.0%14.5%27.0%9.3%18.4%
Washington County11th18.6%8.4%13.5%20.0%8.6%14.4%
8th21.1%8.4%14.9%19.6%9.1%14.2%
9th26.3%9.6%18.0%23.1%8.0%15.7%
All Grades22.0%8.8%15.4%21.0%8.5%14.8%
Watonwan County11th14.7%10.9%12.5%20.4%12.0%16.3%
8th28.0%12.1%21.7%19.2%10.3%14.2%
9th19.6%8.6%14.8%20.6%19.2%19.9%
All Grades21.5%10.5%16.4%20.1%14.1%17.0%
Wilkin County11th18.6%8.1%13.8%25.0%12.0%20.0%
8th25.0%13.3%20.0%38.2%21.1%29.2%
9th19.6%2.9%12.9%36.8%4.2%18.6%
All Grades20.9%7.9%15.3%33.0%11.7%22.4%
Winona County11th20.5%13.1%16.6%24.2%5.6%14.7%
8th28.1%7.6%17.8%20.5%8.9%14.8%
9th27.9%11.0%19.4%26.3%7.6%17.0%
All Grades25.9%10.5%18.1%23.8%7.4%15.6%
Wright County11th19.0%8.0%13.4%22.7%6.9%14.8%
8th18.5%6.4%12.6%13.6%8.4%11.1%
9th20.4%7.4%13.8%25.2%11.7%18.3%
All Grades19.3%7.2%13.3%20.4%9.1%14.7%
Yellow Medicine County11th12.2%11.9%12.1%12.5%5.9%9.1%
8th10.7%8.0%9.4%6.7%6.8%6.8%
9th21.6%2.3%11.1%28.9%4.5%15.9%
All Grades14.9%7.2%11.1%17.0%5.7%10.8%

About the Indicator:

Self-harm is a risk factor for both substance use and mental health disorders.

N/A or * indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected.

According to 2013 MSS data, compared to 8th, 9th, and 11th graders who reported NO past-year self-harm, those who DID report self-harm were 2.4 times more likely to report alcohol use; 2.9 times more likely to report tobacco use; 2.7 times more likely to report marijuana use; and 5.1 times more likely to report prescription drug misuse.

For more information on the association between self-harm and substance use, see the 2015 Mental Health and Substance Use SUMN Fact Sheet.

Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Description: The MSS is a confidential and anonymous self-administered survey given to students attending Minnesota public, charter and tribal schools. From 1995 to 2010, the survey was administered to students in 6th, 9th, and 12th grades. New in 2013, the survey was administered to students in 5th, 8th, 9th, and 11th grades. Trend data are now only available for 9th graders, and only for survey questions that did not change. Most schools elect to participate in the survey; in 2013, this included 84% of public schools in Minnesota.

Although the data are not presented here, the survey is also administered to area learning centers, juvenile correction facilities and private schools electing to participate.

Sponsored by: Minnesota Department of Education

Geographic Level: State, Region, and County

Aggregated data at the state and county level do not reveal disparities that may exist within a given geographic area.

Frequency: Data collected and reported every three years

Characteristics: The results of the MSS are also available at a county level. Data Privacy requirements mandate that data is presented in a manner such that no individual student can be identified through the presentation of the results. As part of the Data Privacy practices, the results are also presented in a manner that no individual school district could be identified through the results. Therefore, for counties that have only one school district, the results are not presented. Results are also withheld for counties in which the minimum number for student participation was not met.

The MSS is a “census” of schools, not a sample. The school districts get their own data. Fifth-graders were not asked all substance use questions. Some school districts do not participate, and student participation within the school district can vary widely. These data are self-reported.