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Youth Perceptions of Friends’ Disapproval of Tobacco Use

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Percent of Students Reporting Their Friends Would Feel it is Wrong or Very Wrong for Them to Smoke Cigarettes, All Available Years: by Grade, Race, Gender, and Region

201320162019
FemaleMaleTotalFemaleMaleTotalFemaleMaleTotal
Minnesota11thAfrican-American or Black72.4%65.4%68.8%75.6%68.4%72.1%81.2%76.2%78.8%
All Races Combined74.5%64.2%69.4%78.5%71.4%75.0%80.7%74.3%77.6%
Asian American83.7%70.1%77.0%83.1%77.9%80.6%84.7%79.7%82.2%
Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial67.8%60.1%64.1%71.0%68.0%69.5%77.4%72.1%75.0%
Hispanic/Latino64.3%58.7%61.5%69.9%65.5%67.7%77.2%71.5%74.6%
Native American50.0%52.5%51.4%62.3%59.9%61.0%60.5%65.0%62.7%
Pacific Islander78.8%65.7%72.1%*48.4%54.5%**80.0%
White75.3%64.5%70.0%80.1%72.1%76.2%81.2%74.2%77.8%
5thAfrican-American or Black90.2%85.1%87.6%88.4%85.4%86.9%
All Races Combined95.5%92.1%93.8%94.5%91.0%92.8%
Asian American95.3%91.9%93.6%92.3%89.2%90.8%
Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial93.9%89.0%91.5%93.7%90.7%92.3%
Hispanic/Latino92.1%87.9%90.0%90.6%86.8%88.7%
Native American87.8%82.0%84.6%85.3%81.0%82.9%
Pacific Islander88.1%82.1%84.7%81.4%77.6%79.4%
White97.0%94.0%95.5%96.6%93.1%94.9%
8thAfrican-American or Black79.9%75.0%77.4%81.5%72.2%76.7%82.1%76.7%79.4%
All Races Combined89.0%83.4%86.3%89.2%85.0%87.1%88.0%83.6%85.9%
Asian American90.5%82.8%86.9%92.4%86.0%89.2%89.4%80.5%85.1%
Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial81.0%77.4%79.3%84.6%80.0%82.4%82.8%79.1%81.2%
Hispanic/Latino79.2%73.4%76.5%80.2%78.2%79.2%80.3%77.5%78.9%
Native American63.2%67.5%65.7%77.0%71.4%73.8%70.5%71.0%70.8%
Pacific Islander100.0%78.7%86.3%*75.0%80.3%75.6%75.9%75.8%
White91.7%86.0%88.9%91.8%88.1%90.0%90.1%85.9%88.1%
9thAfrican-American or Black74.6%66.9%70.7%80.7%73.8%77.3%82.1%74.4%78.5%
All Races Combined82.4%76.8%79.7%86.1%82.0%84.1%85.2%79.4%82.4%
Asian American88.9%78.7%84.0%88.8%84.9%86.9%87.3%78.3%83.0%
Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial72.7%69.4%71.2%80.1%79.0%79.6%79.6%75.7%77.9%
Hispanic/Latino71.1%67.9%69.6%78.3%75.7%77.0%81.5%74.0%77.9%
Native American57.4%62.1%60.0%70.7%71.0%70.9%65.6%65.3%65.5%
Pacific Islander68.8%50.0%57.7%**68.9%66.7%77.5%73.1%
White84.9%79.0%82.0%88.1%83.7%85.9%86.6%81.1%84.0%
All GradesAfrican-American or Black81.1%75.0%78.0%82.7%76.6%79.6%81.9%75.8%78.9%
All Races Combined85.6%79.6%82.7%87.4%82.8%85.1%85.0%79.5%82.3%
Asian American89.7%81.1%85.5%89.3%84.7%87.1%87.5%79.6%83.6%
Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial79.3%74.8%77.1%83.1%80.1%81.7%80.4%76.1%78.5%
Hispanic/Latino77.8%73.1%75.5%80.4%77.4%78.9%79.9%74.7%77.4%
Native American71.3%70.9%71.1%77.4%74.1%75.5%66.0%67.6%66.8%
Pacific Islander83.5%70.1%75.7%78.4%69.5%73.3%74.7%76.6%75.8%
White87.2%81.0%84.1%89.2%84.5%86.8%86.3%80.8%83.7%
Metro11thAfrican-American or Black73.7%67.3%70.5%76.5%67.8%72.4%84.0%77.0%80.6%
All Races Combined76.8%68.3%72.6%80.6%74.8%77.7%84.1%79.2%81.7%
Asian American84.1%70.9%77.6%83.6%79.2%81.5%85.1%81.6%83.3%
Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial71.6%65.4%68.6%74.4%72.1%73.3%80.8%73.4%77.5%
Hispanic/Latino64.3%60.3%62.3%72.1%68.0%70.1%78.9%75.4%77.3%
Native American50.0%64.5%58.2%*61.8%71.4%**77.1%
Pacific Islander85.7%65.2%75.0%**57.6%**86.4%
White77.9%69.0%73.5%82.4%76.3%79.4%85.0%80.2%82.7%
5thAfrican-American or Black90.4%85.9%88.2%88.1%84.8%86.4%
All Races Combined95.9%92.7%94.3%94.6%91.2%92.9%
Asian American95.4%91.6%93.5%92.6%89.6%91.2%
Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial94.4%90.9%92.8%94.9%90.0%92.6%
Hispanic/Latino93.2%88.6%91.0%91.0%87.3%89.1%
Native American88.7%82.4%85.1%87.9%76.6%81.4%
Pacific Islander91.3%78.9%83.6%91.2%83.9%87.7%
White97.8%95.1%96.4%97.5%94.4%95.9%
8thAfrican-American or Black80.9%74.6%77.8%81.9%72.0%76.9%82.2%76.6%79.5%
All Races Combined89.7%83.7%86.8%89.7%85.4%87.6%88.8%84.7%86.8%
Asian American91.2%82.5%87.1%92.3%85.8%89.1%89.3%80.8%85.2%
Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial80.8%77.3%79.2%85.5%79.4%82.7%84.1%80.8%82.7%
Hispanic/Latino79.4%74.0%76.9%79.5%78.3%78.9%81.5%79.1%80.3%
Native American57.7%67.0%63.6%80.6%77.8%78.9%83.8%78.3%80.2%
Pacific Islander100.0%90.9%94.1%***77.8%77.4%77.6%
White93.1%87.1%90.1%93.0%89.5%91.3%91.4%88.0%89.8%
9thAfrican-American or Black72.9%66.1%69.4%81.4%76.1%78.8%82.2%73.8%78.3%
All Races Combined83.3%78.1%80.8%86.9%84.2%85.6%87.4%81.5%84.6%
Asian American89.3%79.2%84.5%88.9%85.3%87.2%87.5%78.7%83.3%
Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial73.8%70.5%72.2%82.4%80.1%81.3%84.1%80.0%82.3%
Hispanic/Latino72.8%69.2%71.2%79.6%76.9%78.3%83.0%76.3%79.8%
Native American67.9%52.0%60.2%79.2%76.8%77.9%75.0%66.7%70.8%
Pacific Islander70.0%54.2%61.4%*****73.0%
White86.3%81.3%83.8%89.0%86.7%87.9%89.3%83.8%86.7%
All GradesAfrican-American or Black81.3%75.6%78.4%82.9%76.7%79.9%82.6%75.7%79.3%
All Races Combined86.8%81.3%84.1%88.2%84.2%86.2%87.0%82.0%84.7%
Asian American90.1%81.3%85.8%89.5%85.1%87.4%87.6%80.3%84.0%
Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial80.5%76.4%78.6%84.7%80.6%82.8%83.3%78.7%81.2%
Hispanic/Latino78.6%74.2%76.5%81.1%78.4%79.8%81.3%77.2%79.4%
Native American74.8%72.4%73.4%83.9%75.6%79.1%79.5%73.2%76.0%
Pacific Islander85.5%72.9%78.1%83.1%70.1%76.4%73.1%81.5%77.8%
White88.8%83.4%86.1%90.4%86.7%88.6%88.8%84.3%86.7%
Non-Metro11thAfrican-American or Black66.7%58.3%62.0%71.6%70.4%71.0%73.5%74.3%73.9%
All Races Combined71.9%59.8%65.9%76.3%67.6%72.0%77.0%69.4%73.3%
Asian American80.6%64.3%72.4%79.7%67.9%74.6%82.6%70.9%76.4%
Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial61.9%52.4%57.1%65.4%62.4%63.8%72.4%70.4%71.4%
Hispanic/Latino64.1%56.5%60.2%66.7%61.9%64.4%74.7%66.2%70.8%
Native American50.0%49.1%49.5%56.4%59.3%58.0%56.0%63.9%59.8%
Pacific Islander66.7%66.7%66.7%*****73.9%
White73.0%60.5%66.9%78.1%68.5%73.4%78.0%69.3%73.7%
5thAfrican-American or Black89.1%81.6%85.3%89.4%87.1%88.2%
All Races Combined95.1%91.3%93.2%94.4%90.9%92.6%
Asian American94.8%93.9%94.3%90.4%86.7%88.6%
Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial93.0%86.3%89.6%92.3%91.4%91.8%
Hispanic/Latino90.3%86.7%88.6%90.0%86.0%88.0%
Native American87.4%81.7%84.3%84.3%82.8%83.4%
Pacific Islander84.2%88.9%86.5%*72.2%70.5%
White96.2%92.9%94.5%96.0%92.2%94.0%
8thAfrican-American or Black75.8%76.5%76.2%79.9%73.0%76.0%81.6%76.8%79.1%
All Races Combined88.4%83.1%85.8%88.7%84.6%86.6%87.1%82.4%84.8%
Asian American86.3%84.8%85.6%92.6%86.7%89.5%90.1%79.2%84.6%
Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial81.2%77.6%79.5%83.2%80.7%82.0%81.0%76.7%79.1%
Hispanic/Latino79.0%72.7%76.0%81.0%78.1%79.6%78.5%74.9%76.7%
Native American64.8%67.7%66.4%75.7%68.8%71.8%67.6%68.6%68.1%
Pacific Islander100.0%68.0%79.5%**81.1%**73.2%
White90.6%85.1%87.9%90.7%86.9%88.8%88.9%84.2%86.6%
9thAfrican-American or Black81.0%69.7%75.0%78.7%67.2%72.8%81.8%76.1%79.0%
All Races Combined81.5%75.5%78.5%85.2%79.6%82.4%82.7%77.3%80.1%
Asian American85.6%75.9%80.3%87.6%81.9%84.8%86.3%75.2%81.9%
Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial71.3%68.0%69.7%77.0%77.5%77.3%73.6%69.9%72.0%
Hispanic/Latino68.7%66.4%67.5%76.6%74.2%75.4%79.1%70.6%75.0%
Native American53.3%65.0%59.9%67.6%69.0%68.4%63.5%65.0%64.2%
Pacific Islander66.7%45.5%52.9%*****73.3%
White83.7%77.1%80.5%87.3%81.1%84.2%84.4%78.8%81.7%
All GradesAfrican-American or Black80.1%73.1%76.3%81.9%76.3%78.9%79.5%76.0%77.7%
All Races Combined84.4%77.8%81.1%86.6%81.4%84.0%82.7%76.9%79.9%
Asian American86.8%80.2%83.4%87.8%82.1%85.0%86.8%75.6%81.5%
Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial77.7%72.5%75.1%80.9%79.5%80.2%76.3%72.7%74.7%
Hispanic/Latino76.7%71.5%74.1%79.4%76.1%77.8%77.6%71.1%74.5%
Native American69.9%70.3%70.1%75.0%73.5%74.2%63.0%66.2%64.6%
Pacific Islander80.7%66.2%72.4%72.2%68.9%70.1%77.4%71.4%73.4%
White85.8%78.9%82.4%88.2%82.5%85.4%84.1%77.9%81.1%

About the Indicator: The Minnesota Student Survey question about peer disapproval changed in 2013. In prior years, students were asked about the extent to which their close friends would approve or disapprove of them smoking one or more packs of cigarettes a day. In 2013, this question was dropped and students were instead asked how wrong their friends would feel it would be for them to smoke cigarettes. Therefore, 9th grade trend data are available only for 2013 and 2016.

"N/A" indicates that the data are unavailable or were not collected. "*" indicates the data are unreliable as a result of small sample sizes or other reasons.



Data Source: Minnesota Student Survey (MSS)

Description: The MSS is a confidential and anonymous self-administered survey given to students attending Minnesota public, charter and tribal schools. From 1995 to 2010, the survey was administered to students in 6th, 9th, and 12th grades. New in 2013, the survey was administered to students in 5th, 8th, 9th, and 11th grades. Trend data are now only available for 9th graders, and only for survey questions that did not change. Most schools elect to participate in the survey; in 2013, this included 84% of public schools in Minnesota.

Although the data are not presented here, the survey is also administered to area learning centers, juvenile correction facilities and private schools electing to participate.

Sponsored by: Minnesota Department of Education

Geographic Level: State, Region, and County

Aggregated data at the state and county level do not reveal disparities that may exist within a given geographic area.

Frequency: Data collected and reported every three years

Characteristics: The results of the MSS are also available at a county level. Data Privacy requirements mandate that data is presented in a manner such that no individual student can be identified through the presentation of the results. As part of the Data Privacy practices, the results are also presented in a manner that no individual school district could be identified through the results. Therefore, for counties that have only one school district, the results are not presented. Results are also withheld for counties in which the minimum number for student participation was not met.

The MSS is a “census” of schools, not a sample. The school districts get their own data. Fifth-graders were not asked all substance use questions. Some school districts do not participate, and student participation within the school district can vary widely. These data are self-reported.